Ch.11

Question 1

The function of the nervous system i

Answer 1

It controls the perception by transmitting signal between the brain and rest of the body, including internal organs and plays an important role in consciousness, personality, learning abilities, and memory function.

Question 2

2. The nervous system works to regulate many aspects of homeostasis by assisting the endocrine system to control factors such as:

Answer 2

• Respiratory Rate
• Blood pressure
• Body Temperature
• Sleep / Wake Cycles
• Blood pH levels

Question 3

Nervous system is divided into two categories - (CNS)

Answer 3

Consists of: the brain and spinal cord
Function: It receives, processes, and responds to sensory information

Question 4

Nervous system is divided into two categories - (PNS)

Answer 4

Peripheral Nervous system consists of all nerves that branch out from the spinal cord and brain
Function: How your brain receives sensory information and controls muscle movements. In response by sending commands from the Brain to various parts of the body.

Question 5

5. The ________ sensory division (special sensory division): carries signals from skeletal muscles, bones, joints, and skin. Includes organs of vision, hearing taste, smell, and balance.

Answer 5

Somatic

Question 6

The __________ sensory division transmits signals from the viscera (heart, lungs, stomach, kidneys, and urinary bladder.

Answer 6

visceral

Question 7

The sensory nervous system signals are classified as which of the following choices?

Answer 7

A. Efferent, exiting away from the CNS
B. Afferent, going towards the CNS

B

Question 8

____ is the ability to understand rapid changes to the body.

Answer 8

integrative functions

Question 9

True or False: 99% of integrated sensory information is subconsciously disregarded as unimportant.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

9. Somatic motor division is classified as ___________ control, whereas Autonomic(visceral) division is _______ control.

Answer 10

Voluntary, involuntary

Question 11

10. Specialized cells that transmit signals through the body are called ________?

Answer 11

Neurons

Question 12

What type of neuron carries information away from the CNS to muscles and glands?

Answer 12

Motor neurons
- All actions that cause movement
- Referred to as efferent (exiting away from the CNS)

Question 13

_______ are chemicals that allow neurons to communicate with each other throughout the body by carrying chemical signals to their target cell, muscle cell or gland.

Answer 13

neurotransmitters

Question 14

Which of the following choices below best describes the difference in electrical potential across the plasma membrane when the cell is not stimulated or when the cell is in a state of relaxation.

Answer 14

resting potential

Question 15

When our neurons are at rest a thin layer of ______ charged ions exists in the cytosol on the inside of a cell. While a thin layer of ______ charged ions exists outside of the cell.

Answer 15

negatively, positively

Question 16

Neurotransmitters can be classified by what two types of receptors.

Answer 16

Channel links receptors( direct action, fast paced movements) and G-proteins receptors ( indirect action, slow paced movements)

Question 17

What are the four types of neuroglia that reside in the CNS?

Answer 17

1. Astrocytes
2. oligodendrocytes
3. microglia
4. ependymall cells

Question 18

Receptive Region

Answer 18

Dendrites and Cell body

Question 19

Conducting Region

Answer 19

axon

Question 20

Secretory Region

Answer 20

Axon terminal

Question 21

Neurons that are ____________ contain one single axon and multiple dendrites (99% of all neurons)

Answer 21

Multipolar

Question 22

Define Interneurons (association) neurons:

Answer 22

They relay info withing the central nervous system between sensory and motor neurons, connecting spinal motor and sensory neurons. It is done by the interneurons communicating with each other forming circuits

Question 23

20. The ___________ is the insulating layer around nerves that allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently.

Answer 23

Myelin Sheath

Question 24

cell body

Answer 24

most metabolically active region: manufactures all proteins needed for a whole neuron

Question 25

dendrites

Answer 25

branches processes; receives input from other neurons which transmits toward the cell body as electrical impulses, may contain multiple dendrites

Question 26

Axon

Answer 26

carries nerve impulses away from the cell body

Question 27

Somatic Sensory Division

Answer 27

Carries signals from skeletal muscles, bones, joints, and skin - Referred to as afferent (going towards the CNS)

Question 28

Visceral Sensory Division

Answer 28

-Transmits signals from viscera (heart, lungs, kidneys, urinary bladder) - Referred to as afferent (going towards the CNS)

Question 29

Somatic Motor Division:

Answer 29

Neurons transmit signals to skeletal muscle, voluntary control

Question 30

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 30

- Neurons carry signals to thoracic and abdominal region which is critical for maintaining homeostasis - regulates secretion of certain glands, contraction of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, involuntary control

Question 31

Axon Hillock

Answer 31

Determines of the neuron will send an action potential, also the site where the axon connects to the cell body

Question 32

Axon terminal

Answer 32

Forms junctions, is the site where neurotransmitters release (important for target cells like muscles or glands)

Question 33

How are neurons classified

Answer 33

according to their structutral features

Question 34

Multipolar

Answer 34

single axon and multiple dendrites, (99 % of all neurons)

Question 35

Bipolar

Answer 35

one axon and one dendrite

Question 36

Pseudounipolar

Answer 36

Only one fused axon extends from cell body and then divides into two processes

Question 37

Interneurons

Answer 37

relay information within the CNS between sensory and motor neurons connecting spinal motor and sensory neurons. This is done by the interneurons communicating using formed circuits.

Question 38

Neuroglia

Answer 38

Constitute for half of the CNS volume, helping to support, nourish and protect the neurons while aiding in homeostasis.

Question 39

Regeneration of nervous tissue

Answer 39

Regeneration of damaged tissue is limited ONLY in the PNS if the cell body remains intact.

Question 40

What happens when our neurons are at rest?

Answer 40

The sodium-potassium pump is critically important to the function of neurons to help maintain ionic concentrations inside and outside of the cell to facilitate the ability of neurons to fire off action potentials

Question 41

Resting Potential

Answer 41

- the difference in electrical potential across the plasma membrane when the cell is not stimulated, or it is in a state or relaxation

Question 42

Action Potential

Answer 42

- a spike or impulse explosion of electrical activity that is created by a depolarization current - a neuron sends information down an axon away from the cell body

Question 43

Neurotransmitters

Answer 43

carry chemical signals from one neuron to the next nerve cell examples are: serotonin, dopamine, adrenaline...etc.