Ch 14

Question 1

What are the functions of the spinal cord?

Answer 1

Two-way communication to brain

Reflexes

Question 2

Where is the cornus medullaris located?

Answer 2

Inferior end of spinal cord

Question 3

Where does the filum terminale attach?

Answer 3

Coccyx

Question 4

What does cauda equina mean?

Answer 4

Pony tail

Question 5

What is the cauda equina?

Answer 5

Collection of spinal nerve roots

Question 6

What are the names of the two deep grooves that run the lenght of the spinal cord?

Answer 6

Dorsal median sulcus

Ventral median fissure

Question 7

What is the white matter of the spinal cord made of?

Answer 7

Unlyelinated axons

Question 8

What are the three types of spinal cord fibers?

Answer 8

Ascending

Descending

Commisural

Question 9

What are the spinal cord dorsal horns composed of?

Answer 9

Intrernuerons

Question 10

What is the organization of the gray spinal matter?

Answer 10

Posterior: somatic sensory, SS

Posterior: visceral sensory, VS

Anterior: visceral motor, VM

Anterior, somatic motor, SM

Question 11

What protects the spinal cord?

Answer 11

Vertebrae

CSF

Meninges -Dura mater -Arachnoid mater -Pia mater

Question 12

What does the cerebrospinal fluid do?

Answer 12

Cushions

Nurishes

Removes wastes

Carries chemical signals

Question 13

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 13

31 pairs

Question 14

What are the paris of spinal nerves numbered?

Answer 14

C1-C8 T1-T12 L1-L5 S1-S5 Co1

Question 15

What do the dorsal and ventral spinal root fibers do?

Answer 15

Dorsal: sensory

Ventral: motor

Question 16

What does the dorsal rami do?

Answer 16

Innervates the back muscles

Question 17

What is the nerve plexus?

Answer 17

The network of nerves

Question 18

What body part is primarily served by the nerve plexus?

Answer 18

Limbs

Question 19

What are the names of the the nerve plexuses?

Answer 19

Cervical plexus

Brachial plexus

Lumbar plexus

Sacral plexus

Question 20

What is the most important nerve of the cervical plexus?

Answer 20

The phrenic nerve, innervates the diaphragm

Question 21

What does rami mean?

Answer 21

Branches

Question 22

Which nerve numbers are in the brachial plexus?

Answer 22

C5-C8

Question 23

What is the hierachry of the brachial plexus?

Answer 23

Roots

Trunks

Divisions

Cords

Really Tired Drink Coffee

Question 24

What is the main branch of the lateral cord?

Answer 24

Musculocutaneous

Question 25

The "Hand of Benedection" indicated what neurological problem?

Answer 25

Median nerve injury

Question 26

"Clawhand" indicates what neurological problem?

Answer 26

Ulnar nerve injury

Question 27

"Drop-wrist" indicates what neurological problem?

Answer 27

Radial posterior cord

Question 28

What does the lumbar plexus innervates?

Answer 28

Abdominal wall Psoas

Question 29

What are the main branches of the lumbar plexus?

Answer 29

Femoral nerve Obturator nerve

Question 30

What are the two nerves in the sciatic nerve?

Answer 30

Tibial Fibular

Question 31

What does the pudenal nerve do?

Answer 31

Innervates the preineum

Question 32

What are dermatomes?

Answer 32

An area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve branch

Question 33

What is the upper limb and lower limb nerves called?

Answer 33

_Upper Limb_ Brachial plexus _Lower Limb_ Lumbar nerves - anterior Sacral nerves - posterior

Question 34

What are the classifications of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 34

Sensory input Motor output -somatic motor, skeletal muscle, vol/invol Visceral motor, smooth & cardiac muscle, invol

Question 35

What is the funcitonal organization of the PNS?

Answer 35

CNS\<\>PNS Sensory (Afferent) -Somatic sensory -Visceral sensory Motor (efferent) -Somatic motor -Visceral motor

Question 36

What are nerves?

Answer 36

Bundles of axons

Question 37

What are ganglia?

Answer 37

Clusters of neuronal cells

Question 38

What are two main categories of sensory receptors?

Answer 38

Free nerve endings of sensory neurons Complete epithelial receptor cells (encapusulated nerve endings)

Question 39

Describe the three sensory receptor cells by location?

Answer 39

Exteroceptors - external stimuli Interoceptors - visceral stimuli Proprioceptors - musculoskeletal stretch

Question 40

Describe the five sensory receptors by stimulus detected

Answer 40

Mechanorecptors - mechanical forces Thermoreceptors - temperature changes Chemoreceptors - chemical changes Photoreceptors - eyes respond to light Nocioceptors - respond to stimuli that result in pain

Question 41

Free nerve endings respond to what stimulus?

Answer 41

In epithelia, respond to temperature and pain

Question 42

What are two types of free nerve endings?

Answer 42

Merkel discs in epidermis Hair follicle receptors

Question 43

What are encapsulated nerve endings enclosed in?

Answer 43

Connective tissue

Question 44

What are Ruffini's corpuscles for?

Answer 44

Pressure sensing

Question 45

What do proprioceptors do?

Answer 45

Measure muscle stretch

Question 46

What do muscle spindles, joint kinesthetic and Golgi tendons do?

Answer 46

Measure muscle stretch

Question 47

Where does the spinal cord begin and end?

Answer 47

It begins at the Medulla oblongata; ends at L1/L2

Question 48

The inferior end of the spinal cord is secured to the coccyx by what?

Answer 48

Where the conus medullars (cone) meets the cauda equina

Question 49

The diaphragm is innervated by what nerve?

Answer 49

Phernic nerve

Question 50

The intercostal nerve innervates which muscle?

Answer 50

Intercostal muscle

Question 51

In the brachial plexus, what division gives rise to the main nerves?

Answer 51

Cords

Question 52

Describe the arrangement of: cervical nerves to cervical discs

Answer 52

Question 53

When we cannot judge position correctly, we may have dysfunctional ?

Answer 53

Propriceptors