Ch 14 Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
carry or move inward or toward a central structure
A
afferent
2
Q
protective mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering delicate brain tissue
A
blood brain barrier
3
Q
network of nervous tissue found in the brain and spinal cord
A
central nervous system CNS
4
Q
carry or move away from a central structure
A
efferent
5
Q
additional sheath external to myelin that is formed by Schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system
A
neurilemma
6
Q
dendr/o
A
tree
7
Q
crani/o
A
cranium/skull
8
Q
gli/o
A
glue, neuroglial tissue
9
Q
lept/o
A
thin,slender
10
Q
lex/o
A
word, phrase
11
Q
radicul/o
A
nerve root
12
Q
sthen/o
A
strength
13
Q
thec/o
A
sheath
14
Q
ton/o
A
tension
15
Q
-algesia
A
pain
16
Q
-asthenia
A
weakness, debility
17
Q
-lepsy
A
seizure
18
Q
-paresis
A
partial paralysis
19
Q
-taxia
A
order, coordination
20
Q
pachy-
A
thick
21
Q
syn
A
union, together, joined
22
Q
Inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spatial, olfactory, or other sensation even though the sensory sphere is intact.
A
agnosia
23
Q
Weakness, debility, or loss of strength
A
asthesia
24
Q
Lack or muscle coordination in the execution of voluntary movement
A
ataxia
25
Premonitory awareness of an approaching physical or mental disorder, peculiar sensation that precedes seizures
aura
26
Developmental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and an abnormal absorption in fantasy, usually accompanied by an inability to communicate even on a basic level.
autism
27
Injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed
closed head trauma
28
Abnormally deep unconsciousness with absence of voluntary response to stimuli
coma
29
Injury to the brain, occasionally with transient loss of consciousness as a result of injury or trauma to the head
concussion
30
Any sudden and violent contraction of one of more muscles
convulsion
31
Broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment
dementia
32
Autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of the peripheral nerves in which myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed, resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response, and sudden muscle weakness
Guillain-Barre syndrome
33
Painful acture infectious disease of the posterior root ganglia of only a few segments of the spinal or cranial nerves; also called shingles
herpes zoster
34
Inherited disease of the CNS characterized by quick, involuntary movements, speech disturbances, and mental deterioration
Huntington chorea
35
Accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing increased intracranial pressure (ICP), thinning of brain tissue, and separation of cranial bones
hydrocephalus
36
Nonpsychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress and anxiety and impairs normal behavior
neurosis
37
Paralysis, usually partial and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or uncontrolled tremor
palsy
38
Facial paralysis caused by a functional disorder of the 7th cranial nerve, associated with herpes virus
Bell's palsy
39
Type of paralysis that affects movement and body position and sometimes speech and learning ability
cerebral palsy
40
Major emotional disorder in which contact with reality is lost to the point that the individual is incapable of meeting challenges of daily life
psychosis
41
Defect in which the neural tube fails to close during embryogenesis
spina bifida
42
sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity
paresthesia
43
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis
poliomyelitis
44
Acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the brain, liver, and possibly the pancreas, heart, kidney, spleen, and lymph nodes
Reye syndrome
45
Severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve felt at the base of the spine, down the thigh, and radiating down the leg due to a compressed nerve
sciatica
46
General type of seizure characterized by the loss of consciousness and stiffening of the body followed by rhythmic jerking movements
tonic-clonic seizure
47
Temporary interference with blood supply to the brain lasting from a few minutes to a few hours
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
48
Recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses
electroencephalography (EEG)
49
Recording of electrical signals that occur in a muscle when it is at rest and during contraction to assess nerve damage
electromyography (EMG)
50
Needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids to be injected
Lumbar puncture
51
test that measures the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve
nerve conduction velocity (NCV)
52
Series of chemical, microscopic, and microbial tests used to diagnose disorders of the CNS, including viral and bacterial infections, tumors, and hemorrhage
cerebrospinal fluid CSF analysis
53
Precise method of locating and destroying sharply circumscribed lesion on specific tiny areas of pathological tissue in deep-seated structures of the CNS
stereotaxic radiosurgery
54
Partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intractable pain, involuntary movements, or emotional disturbances
thalamotomy
55
Transection of a nerve tract in the brainstem or spinal cord
tractotomy
56
Techinique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure
trephination
57
Interruption of the function of the vagus nerve to relieve peptic ulcer
vagotomy
