Ch 8 Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Tubular space or channel within any organ or structure of the body

Answer 1

Lumen

Question 2

the contraction phase

Answer 2

systole

Question 3

aneurysm/o

Answer 3

widened blood vessel

Question 4

angi/o

Answer 4

vessel

Question 5

ather/o

Answer 5

fatty plaque

Question 6

hemangi/o

Answer 6

blood vessel

Question 7

sept/o

Answer 7

septum

Question 8

sphygm/o

Answer 8

pulse

Question 9

sten/o

Answer 9

narrowing

Question 10

-sphyxia

Answer 10

pulse

Question 11

the relaxation phase

Answer 11

diastole

Question 12

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel usually an artery

Answer 12

aneurysm

Question 13

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the mov’t of blood, vavular action, or both; also called a murmur

Answer 13

bruit

Question 14

any disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

Answer 14

cardiomyopathy

Question 15

narrowing of a vessel especially the aorta

Answer 15

coarctation

Question 16

blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs

Answer 16

deep vein thrombosis DVT

Question 17

calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction

Answer 17

ejection fraction

Question 18

quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions

Answer 18

fibrillation

Question 19

arrest of bleeding or circulation

Answer 19

hemostasis

Question 20

implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart

Answer 20

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ICD

Question 21

area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply

Answer 21

infarct

Question 22

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction

Answer 22

ischemia

Question 23

common and occasionally serious condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on auscultation

Answer 23

mitral valve prolapse

Question 24

chemical radioactive material used as a tracer to follow a substance through the body or a structure

Answer 24

radioisotope

Question 25

failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, allowing blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary (lung) artery

Answer 25

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 26

circulation of blood through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ

Answer 26

perfusion

Question 27

congenital anomaly consisting of four elements: 1. pulmonary artery stenosis 2. interventricular septal defect 3. transposition of the aoirta so that both ventricles empty into the aorta 4. right ventricular hypertrophy caused by increased workload of the right ventricle

Answer 27

tetralogy of Fallot

Question 28

slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries

Answer 28

stent

Question 29

blood clot that obstructs a vessel

Answer 29

thrombus

Question 30

ECG taken with a small portable recording system capable of storing up to 24 hours of ECG tracings

Answer 30

Holter monitor test

Question 31

blood test that measures troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine kinase

Answer 31

cardiac enzyme studies

Question 32

series of tests used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease

Answer 32

lipid panel

Question 33

nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to produce movie-like images of the structures of the heart, including the myocardium and the mitral and tricuspid valves

Answer 33

multiple-gated aquisition MUGA

Question 34

imaging technique that provides a graphic display of heart sound and murmurs during the cardiac cycle

Answer 34

phonocardiography

Question 35

diagnostic test that uses radiation emitted by the body after an injection of radioactive substances to create images of various organs or identify body functions and diseases

Answer 35

scintigraphy

Question 36

injection of a chemical irritant into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein

Answer 36

sclerotherapy

Question 37

radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein, which indicates obstruction

Answer 37

venography

Question 38

procedure to restore normal rhythm of the heart by applying a controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest

Answer 38

cardioversion

Question 39

technique used to block blood flow to a site by passing a catheter to the area and injecting a synthetic material or medication specially designed to occlude the blood vessel

Answer 39

embolization

Question 40

procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation of the vessel using a balloon catheter

Answer 40

angioplasty

Question 41

surgical procedure that uses a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle

Answer 41

coronary artery bypass graft

Question 42

dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter under fluoroscopic guidance

Answer 42

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Question 43

removal of a material from an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device

Answer 43

atherectomy

Question 44

destruction of conduction tissue of the heart to interrupt the abnormal conduction pathway causing the arrhythmia, thus allowing normal heart rhythm to resume

Answer 44

catheter ablation

Question 45

surgical separation if the leaflets or the mitral valve, which have fused together at their points of touching

Answer 45

commissurotomy

Question 46

procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins

Answer 46

laser ablation

Question 47

tying a varicose vein followed by removal of the affected segment

Answer 47

ligation and stripping

Question 48

surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart, usually with the assistance of a heart-lung machine

Answer 48

open heart surgery

Question 49

puncturing of the pericardium to remove excess fluid from the pericardial sac or to test for protein, sugar, and enzymes or determine the causative organism of pericarditis

Answer 49

pericardiocentesis

Question 50

destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clot busters, such as tissue plasminogen activator

Answer 50

thrombolysis

Question 51

incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening; used in treating mitral stenosis

Answer 51

valvotomy

Question 52

dilate blood vessels of the heart, causing an increase in the amount of oxygen delivered to the myocardium, and decrease venous return and arterial resistance, which decreases myocardial oxygen demand and relieves angina

Answer 52

nitrates

Question 53

lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it

Answer 53

statins