ch 15 Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
Dislocation
A
Luxation
2
Q
Partial dislocation
A
Subluxation
3
Q
Forced wrenching or twisting of a joint that results in partial rupture/tearing of ligaments w/out dislocation.
A
Sprain
4
Q
Bruise with a possible avulsion fracture.
A
Contusion
5
Q
Break in a bone
A
Fracture
6
Q
Fragmented ends of the bone make contact with each other
A
Apposition
7
Q
Ends of fragments make end to end contact
A
Anatomic apposition
8
Q
Ends of fragments are aligned but pulled apart and don’t make contact with each other
A
Lack of apposition (distraction)
9
Q
Fragments overlap and shafts make contact but not at fracture ends
A
Bayonet apposition
10
Q
Loss of alignment of the fracture
A
Angulation
11
Q
Direction or angle of apex of the fracture
A
Apex angulation
12
Q
Distal fragment ends are angled toward midline
A
Varus deformity
13
Q
Distal fragment ends are angled away from midline
A
Valgus deformity
14
Q
Fracture in which the bone doesn’t break through the skin
A
Simple (closed) fracture
15
Q
Portion of the bone protrudes through the skin
A
Compound (open) fracture
16
Q
Fracture doesn’t traverse through entire bone
A
Incomplete (partial) fracture
17
Q
Buckle of the cortex- no complete break in the cortex
A
Torus fracture
18
Q
Fracture is on 1 side only (one side broken, one side bent)
A
Greenstick fracture
19
Q
Break is complete
A
Complete fracture
20
Q
Fracture at a near right angle
A
Transverse fx
21
Q
Fracture at an oblique angle
A
Oblique fx
22
Q
Bone has been twisted apart and fracture spirals around long axis
A
Spiral fx
23
Q
Bone is splintered or crushed at site of impact
A
Comminuted fx
24
Q
Bone is broken in 3 pieces w the middle fragment fractured at both ends
A
segmental fx
25
2 fragments on each side of a wedge shaped fragment- resembles wings
Butterfly Fx
26
Comminuted fracture in which bone is splintered into thin sharp fragments
splintered fx
27
One fragment driven into the other
impacted fx
28
Fracture of posterior lip of distal radius
Barton's fx
29
Fracture caused by ball striking the end of finger
Baseball fx
30
Fracture at base of 1st metacarpal
Bennett's fx
31
Fracture at 5th metacarpal- from punching someone
Boxer's fx
32
Fracture of wrist, result from falling forward fall on outstretched arm
Colle's fx
33
Fracture of wrist, result from backward fall on outstretched arm
Smith's fx
34
Fracture through pedicles of axis (C2)
Hangman's fx
35
Intra articular fracture of radial styloid process (hand cranked cars would backfire and crank would strike distal forearm)
Hutchinson's (chauffeur's) fx
36
Fracture of proximal half of ulna along w/ dislocation of radial head
Monteggia's fx
37
fracture at distal fibula w/ injury to ankle joint
Pott's fx
38
Severe stress to a tendon/ligament in joint
Avulsion fx
39
Direct blow to orbit
Blowout/tripod fx
40
involves an isolated bone fragment
chip fx
41
Compression injury
compression fx
42
fracture of skull, fragment depressed
depressed fx
43
fracture through epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal fx
44
disease process w/in bone
pathologic fx
45
fracture lines radiate from central point of injury with starlike pattern- patella
stellate fx
46
fracture is nontraumatic- results from stress on a bone
stress/fatigue fx
47
fracture of ankle joint involves medial/lateral malleoli as well as posterior lip of distal tibia
trimalleolar fx
48
fracture of distal phalanx- crushing blow to finger/thumb
tuft/burst fx
49
nonsurgical procedure
closed reduction
50
exposed w screws, plates, or rods installed as need to maintain alignment
open reduction w internal fixation
51
stiffening of a joint
arthrodesis
52
any disease that affects a joint
arthropathy
53
creation of an artificial joint
arthroplasty
54
Sterile-pathogens are absent
asepsis
55
orthopedic screw
cancellous screw
56
large screw for internal fixation
cannulated screw
57
orthopedic wire that tightens around fracture site
cercalge wire
58
used to examine urinary bladder
cystoscope
59
screw and plate used to apply force through fracture site
dynamic compression plate
60
surgical procedure to reduce proximal femur fractures
hip pinning
61
wire used to reduce fractures of wrist, hands, and feet
kirschner wire
62
removing an lamina in the vertebra arch
laminectomy
63
surgical opening into 1 or more laminae
laminotomy
64
crushing calcification in renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder by sound waves
lithotripsy
65
remove bony fragments or disk material
microdiskectomy
66
herniated disk produces impingement
neural impingement
67
orthopedic plate used to fix/connect fractures
semitubular plate
68
Drape around a sterile field
shower curtain
69
fusion of 1 vertebrae to another
spinal fusion
70
degenerative changes that result from enlargement of facet joints
spinal stenosis
71
moisture through a sterile drape, cover, protective barrier, etc
strike through
72
artificial joint implants
total joint arthroplasty
73
putting limb, bone, muscles under tension w use of weights & pullets to align/immobilize part
traction
74
Batteries for battery power portable
10-16 12 volt batteries connected
75
Volts for battery powered portable
110-220 v
76
How many hours to recharge a fully discharged battery portable?
8 hrs
77
Portable w/out battery power volt/amp
110v/15 amp or 220v/10 amp
78
Monitors on c arm show
1 active image display and 1 reference image
79
Ability of a system to magnify image when requested by surgeons on c arm
Magnification mode
80
Xray beam that pulsates at times increments
Pulse mode
81
Image is recorded during continuous fluoroscopy
Subtraction
82
Image held on screen along w continuous fluoro
Road mapping
83
Allows physical to have hands free operation of c arm
Foot pedal
84
This position of c arm had least exposure to operator
PA projection, tube under patient, intensifier on top
85
Increases exposure to operator on face and neck
30 degree tilt from vertical
86
Least exposure at intensifier side for c arm
Horizontal
87
Not recommended projection of c arm
AP projection, tube on top, intensifier on bottom
88
How far should you stand from c arm
6 feet
89
What pics and how many should you at least take for trauma
2 projections at 90 degree to each other
90
What does orif stand for
Open reduction with internal fixation
91
Small cast increases what kv
Add 5-7
92
Large casts adds what kv
Add 8-10
93
Fiberglass cast adds what kv
Add 3-4
94
Physician licensed and trained in he real surgery
Surgeon
95
Administer anesthetic drugs to patient
Anesthesiologist
96
Assists surgeon by clamping blood vessels, cutting, suturing, etc
Surgical assistant
97
Prepares OR by supplying it w appropriate supplies and instruments
Certified surgical technologist
98
Nonsterile person who assists OR by responding to scrubbed members in sterile field
Circulator
99
Prepares sterile field scrubs, gowns surgical team, or apes and sterilizes instruments
Scrub
100
This area includes the patient, surgical field, surgeon, assistants, equipment, tables, carts
Sterile area
101
Area where rad tech, and other non personnel are located
Nonsterile area
102
Practice and procedures used to minimize the levels of infectious agents present in the surgical environment
Surgical asepsis
103
How do you maintain a sterile field
Cover c arm, drape patient, or use shower curtain
104
What part of IR is sterile
Surface of cover that is put in plastic
105
How is IR places in sterile cover
Sterile person holds cover open, tech slips in IR, surgical person wraps and secures it
106
Surgical attire that is worn
Scrubs, scrub cover, head cover, shoe covers, shoes, mask, protective eyewear, gloves
107
30 degree tilt increases dose by factor of ___
4
108
Where is dosimetry badge located in surgery
Outside of lead vest
109
Anatomy of biliary duct system, drainage into duodenum, any residual stones in biliary ducts.
Cholangiography
110
Provides a less invasive approach for the removal of diseased gallbladder a
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
111
Advantages of laparoscopy
Outpatient, minimally invasive procedure, short hospital stay
112
Nonfunctional exam of urinary system during which contrast media is introduced backward against flow into pelvic system w catheterization
Retrograde urography
113
Performed in surgery are intended to reestablish the length, shape, and alignment of fractured bones and joints or to restore function and range of motion of joints affected by trauma or disease.
Orthopedic procedures
114
Fracture fragments are realigned by manipulation and are immobilized by a cast or splint.
Closed reduction
115
Severe fractures w significant displacement. Surgical procedure required. The fracture site is exposed and a variety of screws, plates, or rods are inserted to maintain alignment of bony fragments until new bone growth can take place.
Open reduction
116
Compression plates, screws, pins, rods, nails, or wires are applied to reduce or realign the fracture.
Internal fixation
117
External fracture stabilizing device permits bone healing without the immediate requirement for internal fixation.
External fixation
118
Rods and nails are inserted within the shaft of long bones to stabilize fractures
Intramedullary fixation
119
Nails or rods are inserted into intramedullary shaft of the long bone and may be held in place w locking screws at the proximal and distal ends of the fixator
Long bone intramedullary nail or rod (internal fixator)
120
Nail or rod inserted from proximal end of long bone
Antegrade procedure
121
Internal fixator introduced from distal aspect of long bone
Retrograde procedures
122
Surgical procedure performed to alleviate pain caused by neural impingement
Laminectomy
123
Procedure that provides stability and pain relief to patients w vertebral compression fractures
Vertebroplasty
124
Modification of vertebroplasty procedure in which a balloon is 1st inserted into collapsed vertebrae
Kyphoplasty
125
Procedure w external fixator used to lengthen long bones as treatment for severe fracture or congenital deformity
Ilizarov technique
