Small bowel is how long
15-23 feet in length
Shortest, widest, and most fixed part of the small intestine
duodenum
Where is duodenum located
Mostly in RUQ and a little in LUQ (1/5 of small bowel)
Springy, tight & circular fold, coiled- feathery appearance
Jejunum
Where is jejunum located
Makes up 2/5 of small bowel. Starts at duodenjejunal junction which is located in the LUQ under transverse colon
What are the small finger like projections in the jejunum
villi
Has a smoother and less feathery appearance than jejunum
Ileum
Where is ileum located
Some in the RUQ and then mostly in LLQ and RLQ. 3/5 of small bowel.
The terminal ileum joins large intestine at ____
ileocecal valve
Ileocecal valve sphincter controls what
dumping of contents into cecum and prevents reflux
Diameter is larger than small intestine and is located around the periphery of the abdomen
Large intestine
3 band muscles in large intestine
Taeniae coli
Drapes/pouches that pull the colon up
haustra
A large pouch located inferior to the ileocecal valve
cecum
What is attached to the cecum and is a small wormlike tube
Appendix
Vermiform means
wormlike
4 parts of colon
Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
Part that ascends towards the liver, ends at the hepatic flexure
Ascending colon
Located horizontal from the hepatic flexure to the splenic flexure
Transverse colon
Located from the splenic flexure and travels down to the sigmoid colon
Descending colon
The last part of the colon which then turns into the rectum
Sigmoid colon
Goes from the sigmoid to the anus
Rectum
How long is the rectum
4.5 inches long
Final 1.5 inches of the intestine which terminates at the anus.
Anal canal
Function of small & large intestine
Digestion, absorption, reabsorption, and elimination
What function does small intestine do
Mostly digestion, absorption, and reabsorption
What function does large intestine do
Mostly elimination
Studies the form and function of the small bowel system. Must be timed in order to check on the function
Small Bowel Series (Small bowel follow through)
Contraindications of Small bowel follow through
perforated bowel, bowel obstructions, pregnancy
If barium has reached the _____ fluoro is performed and spot films taken
ileocecal valve
Why are patients encouraged to walk the halls
Get their bowels to move the barium better
Prelim shot for small bowel
Part of chest & abdomen
Why are prone shots taken for small bowel
Spreads the intestines
If UGI is taken along with small bowel, you start the time when?
First cup of barium has been drank
Injection of a nutrient or medicinal liquid into the bowel
Enteroclysis
Nasogastric tube is passed through the patient’s nose through the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, and into the jejunum
Intubation
Contraindications of barium enema
perforated bowel, bowel obstructions, pregnancy
Single contrast BE has what kind of barium mixture
Thin
Patient prep for BE
laxatives, KUB, prepare for enema
What should be ready before calling in the doctor
Barium bag, tip lubricated, trash can, paddles, gloves, towels/washcloths, gowns, shield
What is a barium boat
Catches the barium- plastic bottom that is blown up with O2 tank (looks like an inner tube)
Why should you check the enema balloon
It may not inflate once in the patient, or it may burst
What position is patient in for insertion
Sims
How do you drain the barium
Put bag in trash and have patient lay on left side so barium flows out
What happens if you release tip on the toilet instead
Pressure hasn’t been released so barium will get on you
Rectal shot single barium
Left lateral- shoot tube to bucky with them laying on left side
Rectal shot double barium
Have them lay supine or prone and shoot cross table
Single BE bag
Powder barium & H2O
Double contrast BE has what kind of barium
Thick
What is the difference between double and single
Everything the same except double contrast media and bag, tip, and overheads
Study of anus and rectum that is conducted during the evacuation and defecation
Defecography
Possible Single BE shots
Scout, Fluoro, AP/PA or both, Sigmoid, Left Lateral
Possible Double BE shots
Scout, Fluoro, AP/PA or both, obliques, sigmoid, Right Decub, Left Decub, Ventral/Dorsal Rectrum Decub