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OST14N01 Med Terms II > CH 18 Endocrine System > Flashcards

CH 18 Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Outer section (cortex) if each adrenal gland. Secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones.

A

Adrenal Cortex

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2
Q

Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland. Secretes epinephrine adn norepinephrine.

A

Adrenal Medulla

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3
Q

Located in the lower adomen of a female. Responsible for egg production and estrogen and progestrone secretion.

A

Ovaries

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4
Q

Located behind the stomach. Secretes enzymes into the small intestine to aid digestion, secretes hormones, and also contains cells that are exocrine in function.

A

Pancreas

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5
Q

Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica.

A

Pituitary Gland (hypophysis)

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6
Q

Four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland.

A

Parathyroid Glands

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7
Q

Two glands enclosed int he scrotal sac of a male, responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion.

A

Testes

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8
Q

Located in the neck on either side of the trachea, secretes thyroxine, triiodothyroxine, and calcitonin.

A

Thyroid Gland

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9
Q

Secreted by the adrenal medulla.

A

Adrenaline (epinephrine)

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10
Q

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the adrenal cortex.

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

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11
Q

Secreted by the adrenal cortex, increases salt reabsorption.

A

Aldosterone

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12
Q

Male hormone secreted by the testes.

A

Androgen

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13
Q

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; maintains blood pressure, blood volume, and tissue water content. Also called Vasopressin.

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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14
Q

Secreted y the thyroid gland, decreases blood calcium levels.

A

Calcitonin

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15
Q

Secreted by the adrenal cortex, increases blood sugar; also called the stress hormone.

A

Cortisol

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16
Q

Secreted by the adrenal medulla, increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

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17
Q

Estrogen secreted by the ovaries

A

Estradol

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18
Q

Secreted by anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulated hormone secretion and egg production byt he ovaries and sperm production of the testes.

A

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

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19
Q

Secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas, increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen into glucose.

A

Glucagon

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20
Q

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues.

A

Growth Hormone (GH) Somatotrophin

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21
Q

Secreted by the beta islet cells of the pancreas, helps glucose pass into cells and promotes the conversions of glucose into glycogen.

A

Insulin

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22
Q

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone in males.

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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23
Q

Secreted by the adrenal medulla, increases heart rate and blood pressure.

A

Norepinephrine

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24
Q

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimluates contraction of the uterus during child birth.

A

Oxytocin

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25
Q

Secreted by the parathyroid glands, increases blood calcium.

A

Parathormone (PTH)

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26
Q

Secreted by the ovaries, prepares he uterus for pregnancy.

A

Progesterone

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27
Q

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, promotes milk secretion.

A

Prolactin

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28
Q

Growth hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of hte pituitary gland

A

Somatotrophin

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29
Q

Male hormone secreted by the testes.

A

Testosterone

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30
Q

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning.

A

THyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Thyrotropin

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31
Q

Secreted by the thyroid gland, also called tetraiodothyronine.

A

Thyroxine (T4)

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32
Q

Secreted by the thyroid gland, increases metabolizism in cells along with T4

A

Triiodothyronine (T3)

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33
Q

Secreted by the posterior lobe of hte pituitary gland, increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure

A

Vasopressin

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34
Q

Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla.

A

Catecholamines

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35
Q

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

A

Corticosteroids

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36
Q

Mineral salt found in teh blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells.

A

Electrolyte

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37
Q

Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, regluated glucose, fat, and protein metabloism.

A

Glucocorticoid

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38
Q

Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

A

Homeostasis

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39
Q

Chemical, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ where is influences the structure or function of that organ or gland.

A

Hormone

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40
Q

Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulatee mineral salts and water balance in the body.

A

Mineralocorticoid

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41
Q

Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited.

A

Receptor

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42
Q

Cavity at the base of the skull, contains the pituitary gland

A

Sella Turicica

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43
Q

Steroids produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics

A

Sex Hormones

44
Q

Complex substance related to fats and of which many hormones are made of.

A

Steroid

45
Q

Pertaining to mimicking of copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.

A

Sympathomimetic

46
Q

Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones.

A

Target Tissue

47
Q

Aden/o

A

gland

48
Q

Adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland

49
Q

Gonad/o

A

Sex glands

50
Q

Pancreat/o

A

pancreas

51
Q

Parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid gland

52
Q

Pituitar/o

A

pitutary gland; hypophysis

53
Q

thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

54
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex, outer region

55
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

56
Q

disp/o

A

thirst

57
Q

estr/o

A

female

58
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar

59
Q

home/o

A

sameness

60
Q

hormon/o

A

hormone

61
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

62
Q

lact/o

A

milk

63
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

64
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

65
Q

phys/o

A

growing

66
Q

somat/o

A

body

67
Q

ster/o

A

soild structure

68
Q

toc/o

A

childbirth

69
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

70
Q

ur/o

A

urine

71
Q

-agon

A

assemble, gather together

72
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

73
Q

-in, -ine

A

substance

74
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating the function of

75
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

76
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

77
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, above

78
Q

hypo-

A

deficient, below

79
Q

oxy-

A

rapid, sharpe, acid

80
Q

pan-

A

all

81
Q

poly-

A

many or increased

82
Q

tetra-

A

four

83
Q

tri-

A

three

84
Q

over activity of the thyroid gland.

A

Hyperthyroidism

85
Q

Under activity of the thyroid gland.

A

Hypothyroidism

86
Q

Cancer of the thyroid gland

A

Thyroid Carcinoma

87
Q

Excessive production of the parathormone

A

Hyperparathyroidism

88
Q

Deficient production of parathyroid hormone.

A

Hypoparathyroidism

89
Q

Excessive secretion of adrenal androgens; causes masculine features in women.

A

Adrenal virilism

90
Q

Group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex.

A

Cushing syndrome

91
Q

Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex; a disease in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones.

A

Addison disease

92
Q

Benign tumor of the adrenal medulla, tumor cells stain a dark or dusky (phe/o) color (chrom/o)

A

Pheochromocytoma

93
Q

Excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia

A

Hyperinsulinism

94
Q

Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells.

A

Diabeted Mellitus (DM)

95
Q

Hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities.

A

Acromegaly

96
Q

Hypersecretion of growth hormone form the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues

A

Gigantism

97
Q

Congential hyposecretion of growth hormone, hypopituitary dwarfism.

A

Dwarfism

98
Q

Deficiency of all pituitary hormones

A

Panhypopituitarism

99
Q

Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

100
Q

Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

A

Diabetes Insipidus

101
Q

Also known as fasting blood sugar test, measures circulating glucose level in a patient who has fasted at least 8 hours

A

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

102
Q

Measurement of hormones, electrolytes,glucose, and other substances in serum (blood) and urine as indicators of endocrine function

A

Serum and Urine Tests

103
Q

Measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the blood stream

A

Thyroid Function tests

104
Q

Measurement of eyeball protrusion with an exophthalmometer

A

Exophthalmometry

105
Q

Scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland

A

Thyroid Scan

106
Q

Sound waves show images of endocrine organs.

A

Ultrasound Examination

OST14N01 Med Terms II (11 decks)

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