Ch 2 Flashcards by charlene gajudo

What is matter

Take up space and have mass

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

formation + disruption of chemical bonds

Chemical rxn

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

molecules + determines their functions

Chemical bonding

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Elements properties

Atomic structure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Elements

Basic component of matter and cannot be reduced thru chemical rxn

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 or more elements

Compounds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Essential elements

Required for life and reproduction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Trace elements

Required in small amounts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Smallest unit of matter

Atoms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Diff # of neutrons

Isotopes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Decay of atomic nucleus + releases particles and energy

Radioactive isotopes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Energy

Capacity to do work

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Potential energy

Stored energy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Valence shell

Outermost shell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inert

Atoms w/ full valence shell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rule of chemical rxn

CANNOT destroy atoms, only rearrange electrons and chemical bonds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 types of chemical bonds

Covalent, ionic, hydrogen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Covalent bonds

2 atoms share a pair of valence electrons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

strength of attraction for electron to an atom

Electronegativity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nonpolar bonds

Equal electronegativity (form bw 2 identical elements)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

unequal electronegativity
• form b/w diff elements

Polar bonds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ions

difference in electronegativity
• One atom takes an electron from another => formation of ions

Formed when 2 ions form an ionic bond

Ionic compounds (salt)

Hydrogen Bonds

maintain functional structure of biomolecules
• Usually w/ Oxygen & Nitrogen

Describe Van der Waals interactions

results: formation of + and - regions which attract each other • weak but stabilize 3 dimensional shapes of biomolecules

Cohesion

hydrogen bonding w/ water (bond is tight as water want to bond to itself)

Surface tension

Force needed to break surface of liquid

Adhesion

hydrogen bonding w/ other molecules • Ex: water + organism

Kinetic energy

Energy of motion

Thermal energy

Energy w/ movements of atoms or molecules

Temp

avrg kinetic energy of molecules in a body of matter

thermal energy transferred from one body of matter to another

Heat

Cold obj

Absorb thermal energy

Hot obj

Give off thermal energy

Specific heat

amount of heat neeeded for 1 g of substance to increase its temp by 1 Celsius

Describe high specific heat

Heats up and cools slowly (water)

Describe low specific heat

Heats up fast and cools quickly (metal)

Heat is measured in

Calories (cal)

Common energy unit is in

Joules

Heat of evaportation

quantity of heat needed for 1 g of substance to go from liquid to gas (Oceans, lakes)

Evaporative cooling

process of evaporation leads in reduction of the temp of remaining liquid • Stabilizes temp of water bodies • Prevents overheating of organisms

Solution

Homogenous liquid mixture of 2 or more substance

Solvent

Dissolving agent

substance dissolved in solution

Solute

Aqueous soln

Solvent is water

Hydration shell

water mole form hydrogen bonds w/ each solute molecule + surround it

Hydrophilic

substance has affinity for water • Likes water but wont always dissolve in water • Polar molecules + ions

Hydrophobic

don’t have affinity for water • Nonpolar + nonionic molecules

Acid

• Give/ Donate H molecules

Rebond/ accept Hydrogen

Base

Buffers

acts to keep pH soln steady • Minimizes changes in H+ concentration

Ocean acidification

CO2 dissolves in ocean => carbonic acid • This reacts w/ water to make it acidic and lowers pH • Change in pH reduces affinity (connection/liking to something)

PH scale

Used to represent amnts of hydrogen ions (-) and hydroxide ions (-) in a soln

PH scale

Used to represent amnts of hydrogen ions (-) and hydroxide ions (-) in a soln