Ch 6-1 Flashcards
How does bioluminescence work
Some organisms convert chemical energy to light
Ex: dinoflagellates
Metabolism meaning
Sum of all chemical rxn in an organism
= emergent property
What does metabolic pathway alter
Alters a molecule through a series of defined steps, each of which involves the action of a specific enzyme
Catabolic pathway meaning
Release energy
Destroy molecules (complex to simple)
Anabolic pathways meaning
Requires energy input
(Creating simple to complex compounds)
The study of how energy flows through living organisms
Bioenergetics
Energy is the ability to
Cause change
Energy has the ability to
Rearrange matter
Ex: moving substances across a cell membrane
Forms of energy (5)
- Kinetic energy = movement of objects
- Thermal energy = KE due to random motion of atoms and molecules
- Heat = thermal energy transferred from one object to another
- Potential energy = due to location/structure of matter
- Chemical energy = potential energy stored in chemical bonds
True or False: Anabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler ones.
False (That describes catabolic pathways).
What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways?
Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down molecules, while anabolic pathways consume energy to build molecules.
What is bioenergetics
Study of how energy flows through living organisms
Chemical energy meaning
Energy stored in chemical bonds
Form of energy associated with with movements of objects
Kinetic energy
True or False: Plants convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
True
What is potential energy
Energy that matter has because of its location or structure.
What is thermal energy
Kinetic energy due to random motion of atoms and molecules
Thermal energy transferred from one object to another
Heat
First law of thermodynamics
Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
True or False: Every energy transfer increases the disorder (entropy) of the universe.
True
What does entropy measure
The level of molecular disorder in a system.
How do living organisms maintain order without violating the laws of thermodynamics?
By releasing heat and increasing the entropy of their surroundings.
What is an example of a process that increases entropy
Digestion or decay
What is Gibbs free energy (G)
The portion of a system’s energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform.
