Ch 3-1

Question 1

Organic compounds

Answer 1

Carbon containing compounds

Question 2

Macromolecules

Answer 2

Large organic compounds

Question 3

Give an example of a tetrahedral molecule

Answer 3

Methane

Question 4

Give an example of more than one tetrahedral group

Answer 4

Ethane

Question 5

Give an example of a flat tetrahedral group

Answer 5

Ethene

Question 6

Molecules composed of only carbon and hydrogen is called

Answer 6

Hydrocarbon

Question 7

How does hydrocarbon structure vary

Answer 7

Length
Branching
# and position of double bonds
Presence of rings

Question 8

Isomers meaning and its 2 types of structure

Answer 8

Same chemical formular but different in structure
Structural & cis-trans

Question 9

Structural isomers is due to __

Answer 9

Branching of carbon chain

Question 10

Cis-trans isomers is due to

Answer 10

Position of “x” bonded to carbon and only around a double bond

Question 11

Type of isomer when two x’s are on same side

Answer 11

Cis isomer

Question 12

Type of isomer when two x’s are on opposite side

Answer 12

Trans isomer

Question 13

What is enantiomers

Answer 13

Central carbon has 4 side groups around it,
Mirror images of eo
Asymmetric

Question 14

Significance of enantiomers

Answer 14

Changing structure = change in function
- changes in receptor binding
- change in drug activity + efficacy

Question 15

Atp meaning

Answer 15

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 16

Adenosine is formed from what

Answer 16

Adenine + ribose sugar

Question 17

When does ATP release energy

Answer 17

When it reacts with water

Question 18

When does atp turn into adp

Answer 18

When phosphate group splits off

Question 19

What does adp stand for

Answer 19

Adenosine diphosphate

Question 20

What does atp stand for

Answer 20

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 21

Whats polymers

Answer 21

Repeating components of large molecules

Question 22

Relationship bw polymers and enzymes

Answer 22

Polymers are made and disassembled by enzymes

Question 23

What is dehydration rxn

Answer 23

Water is released to form a new bond

Question 24

What is hydrolysis

Answer 24

Adding water to break a bond

Question 25

What is the reaction called when smaller molecules turns into big ones (requires energy)

Answer 25

Anabolic

Question 26

Reaction called when large molec are broken to smaller ones (release energy

Answer 26

Catabolic

Question 27

Monomer + polymer of carbohydrates

Answer 27

Monosaccharide & polysaccharide

Question 28

Monomer + polymer of protein

Answer 28

Amino acid & polypeptide

Question 29

Monomer & polymer of lipid

Answer 29

Glycerol, fatty acid & lipid

Question 30

Monomer and polymer of nucleic acid

Answer 30

Nucleotide + nucleic acid

Question 31

Examples of monosaccharides of carbohyd

Answer 31

Glucose + fructore

Question 32

What structure is more stable in aqueous enviornments (carhydrate in monosaccharides)

Answer 32

Ring structure

Question 33

Examples of disaccharide

Answer 33

Sucrose and maltose

Question 34

Linkage for disaccharide is called

Answer 34

Glycosidic linkage

Question 35

Storage of carbon in plants and animals are called

Answer 35

Starch = plants Glycogen = animals

Question 36

Structural component of cells in plant and animal are called

Answer 36

Cellulose = plant Chitin = animal

Question 37

Whats the difference bw starch and cellulose structures

Answer 37

Starch : 1-4 linkage, flexible helix (soluble) Cellulose: 1-4 linkage rigid. Straught (insoluble)

Question 38

Lipids are __ in nature and mainly comprised of __

Answer 38

Hydrophobic, hydrocarbon

Question 39

3 kinds for lipids

Answer 39

Fats (triacylglycerol), Phospholipids Steroids

Question 40

What is the linkage used in fats (lipid) and what is it created by

Answer 40

Ester linkage, by dehydration rxn

Question 41

Cellular function of triacylglycerol (fats)

Answer 41

Energy storage Insulation Protection

Question 42

3 characteristics of saturated fatty acid

Answer 42

1. Single bond 2. Chains are straight 3. Pack tightly (solid in room temp) butter and lard

Question 43

3 characteristics of unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 43

1. Double bonds in carbon backbone 2. Produces a kink in chain 3. Liquid in room temp (oil)

Question 44

What is main structural component of cellular membranes

Answer 44

Phospholipids

Question 45

Phospholipid function

Answer 45

Controls what comes in and out of barrier and enables cellular process

Question 46

Steroids consist of

Answer 46

4 fused hydrocarbon rings

Question 47

Example of a steroid

Answer 47

Hormone (estrogen + testosterone) Cholesterol - in cell membranes -

Question 48

Carbohydrate function

Answer 48

act as an energy source, help control blood glucose and insulin metabolism,

Question 49

Carbohydrate function

Answer 49

act as an energy source, help control blood glucose and insulin metabolism,

Question 50

Lipid function

Answer 50

moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins and making hormones.