Ch. 2 Flashcards
Dorsal cavity (main)
Protects nervous system
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity
Planes
Sagittal (going down)
Midsagittal (mid - going down)
Coronal (frontal) (front and back)
Transverse (top and bottom)
Ventral cavity (main)
TAP
Thoracic (heart lungs)
Abdominal (organs of digest)
Pelvic (reproductive/ excretory)
Peritoneum
Multilayer membrane that protects and holds organs in place within indomitable cavity
Layers of peritoneum
- Parietal peritoneum (outer layer, lines interior of the abdominal wall)
- Mesentery (double later, attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.
- visceral peritoneum (inner later , surrounds organs of the abdominal cavity)
Regains of the thorax & abdomen
Right to left tops to bottom
Right hypochondriac region Epigastric region Left hypochondriac region Right lumbar region Umbilical region Left lumbar region Right iliac region Hypogastric region Left iliac region
Cytology
Study of cells
Structure of body
Cells from tissues – tissues organize to form organ– organs form body systems
Structure of cell (3 parts)
- Membrane - protects cell
- Cytoplasm- (inside cell)
- Nucleus - controls cell activity( helps cell divide
Stem cells
Undifferentiated cells
Can be induced to become cells with special functions
Can be specialized (transplant)
Two types of stem cells
Adult stem cells (repair cells) Empryonic cells (form new cells)
Chromosomes
Genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell
3 parts of chromosome
1- gene: fundamental physical and functional unit of hereditary
2- somatic cell - pertaining to the body in general
3- sex cell - male or female
Genetic mutation
Change of the sequence of a DNA molecule
2 types of genetic mutation
1- somatic cell mutation : change affects individual but can not be transmitted to next generation
2- gametic cell mutation : genetic changes are transmitted from parent to child
Two types of genes
1- dominant (more pronounced)
2- recessive (less pronounced)
Congenital disorders
Born with disorder
May be result if genetic abnormalities
Tissue
Cells working together
4 types of tissues
1- epithelial - protects
2- connective. - support
3- muscle - contract and relax
4- nerve - stimulation and conduction
Epithelial tissue
Covers both external and internal surfaces of body
A) epithelium (external)
B) endothelium (internal)
Connective tissues (4 types )
Support and connect A) dense - bone and cartilage B) adipose - fat C) loose - supports both nerve cells and blood vessels D) liquid - blood and lymph
Aplasia
(A= without, plasia= formation)
Congenital absence of an organ or tissue
Hypoplasia
Hypo= deficient/ insufficient
Lack if development if an organ or tissue due to a deficiency in the number of cell
Hyperlasia
Hyper = excessive
Enlargement of an organ tissue due to an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissue
