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Med Teminology Pre Req > Ch 6 Lymphatic And Immune Syst > Flashcards

Ch 6 Lymphatic And Immune Syst Flashcards

0
Q

Lymphangi/o

A

Lymphatic vessels and ducts

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1
Q

Lymph/o

A

Lymph

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2
Q

Lymphaden/o

A

Lymph nodes

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3
Q

Tonsill/o, adenoid/o

A

Tonsils and adenoids

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4
Q

Splen/o

A

Spleen

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5
Q

Lymphocyt/o

A

Lymphocytes

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6
Q

Thym/o

A

Thymus

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7
Q

Lacteals

A

Specialized structures of the lymphatic system that absorb those fats that cannot be transported by the bloodstream

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8
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

Plasma from arterial blood that flows out of the arterioles and into the capillaries and then flows into the spaces between the cells of the tissues

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9
Q

Lymph

A

Made up of the remaining 10% of the returning interstitial fluid

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10
Q

Lymphatic circularly system

A

Work closely together with the blood circulatory system

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11
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

Microscopic blind ended tubes located near the surface of the body with capillary walls that are only one cell in thickness

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12
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

Flows from lymphatic capillaries into the progressively larger lymphatic vessels
Located deeper with tissue

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13
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

Collects lymph from the right side of the head and neck, upper right quadrant of the body and the right arm

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14
Q

Thoracic duct

A

Largest lymphatic vessel in the body, collects lymph from the left side of the head and neck, the upper left quadrant of the trunk, the left arm, the entire lower portion of the trunk, and both legs

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15
Q

Lymph node

A

Bean shaped

Contains specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens

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16
Q

Cervical lymph nodes

A

Located along the sides of the neck

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17
Q

Ancillary lymph nodes

A

Located under the arms in the area known as armpits

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18
Q

Inguinal lymph nodes

A

Located in the inguinal (groin) area of the lower abdomen

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19
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Known as lymphoid cells

Leukocyte a that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells

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20
Q

Natural killer cells

A

Play an important role in the killing of cancer cells and cells infected by viruses

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21
Q

B cells

A

Specialized lymphocytes that produce antibodies

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22
Q

Plasma cells

A

Develop from B cells and secrete a large volume of antibodies coded to destroy specific antigens

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23
Q

T cells

A

Belong to a group of leukocytes known as lymphocytes

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24
Q

Cytokines

A

Group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells

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25
Q

Interferons

A

Produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells

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26
Q

Interleukins

A

Play multiple roles in the immune system, including directing B and T cells to divide and proliferate

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27
Q

Tonsils

A

Three masses of lymphoid tissue that form a protective ring around the back of the nose and upper throat

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28
Q

Adenoids

A

Located in the nasopharynx which is the upper part of the pharynx

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29
Q

Palatine tonsils

A

Located on left and right sides of the throat in the area that is visible at the back of the mouth

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30
Q

Lingual tonsils

A

Located at the base of the toungue

Not visible

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31
Q

Thymus

A

A mass of lymphoid tissue located above the heart, reaches its greatest size at puberty and become smaller with age

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32
Q

Vermiform appendix

A

Appendix

Hangs from the lower portion of the cecum, which is the first section of the large intestine

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33
Q

Spleen

A

Sac like mass of lymphoid tissue located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen

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34
Q

Lymphedema

A

Abnormal accumulation of lymph within the tissues

Evidence by swelling in the arms and legs

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35
Q

Lymph

A

Pertaining to the lymphatic tissue/ system

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36
Q

Main functions of the lymphatic system (3)

A

Absorb fates soluble vitamins through the lacteals of the small intestine

To move waste products from the tissues

Return filtered lymph to the veins at the base of the neck

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37
Q

Hemolytic

A

Function of destroying worn out erythrocytes and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse

Lytic- destroy

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38
Q

Function of immune system

A

Maintain good health and to protect the body from harmful substances

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39
Q

Intact skin

A

Wraps the body in a physical barrier to prevent invading organisms from entering the body

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40
Q

Respiratory system

A

Traps breathed in foreign matter with nose hairs and the moist mucous membrane lining of the respiratory system

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41
Q

Digestive system

A

Uses the acids and enzymes produced by the stomach to destroy invaders that are swallowed or consumed with food

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42
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Work together with leukocytes to attack and destroy pathogens that have succeeded in entering the body

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43
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes

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44
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Swollen glands

Inflammation of the lymph nodes

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45
Q

Antigen- antibody reaction

A

Immune reaction

Involving binding antigens to antibodies

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46
Q

Antigen

A

Any substance that the body regards as being foreign

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47
Q

Tolerance

A

Refers to an acquired u responsiveness to a specific antigen

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48
Q

Antibody

A

Disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen

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49
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

Bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response

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50
Q

Phagocytes

A

Specialized white blood cells that destroy by eating or swallowing

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51
Q

Monocytes

A

White blood cells that provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms

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52
Q

Macrophage

A

A type of white blood cells that surrounds and kills invading cells

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53
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Specialized white blood cells that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infections

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54
Q

The complement system

A

A group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an an active form

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55
Q

Immunity

A

The state of being resistant to a specific disease

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56
Q

Natural immunity

A

Known as passive immunity

Resistance to a disease present without the administration of an antigen or exposure to a disease

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57
Q

Acquired immunity

A

Obtained by having had a contagious disease

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58
Q

Allergist

A

Specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic reactivity
such as allergic reactions

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59
Q

Immunologist

A

Specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system

Immun- protected
-ologist-specialist

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60
Q

Lymphologist

A

Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the lymphatic system

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61
Q

Oncologist

A

Physician specializing in the diagnosing and treatment of malignant disorders such as rumors and cancer

Onc- tumor

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62
Q

Lymphangioma

A

Benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system

Lymph- lymph
Angi- lymph vessels
Oma- tumor

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63
Q

Slepnomegaly

A

Abnormal enlargement of the spleen

Splen/o- spleen

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64
Q

Splenorrhagia

A

Bleeding from the spleen

Splen/o - spleen
-rrhagia - bleeding

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65
Q

Lymphoscrintigraphy

A

Diagnostic test that it performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels

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66
Q

Primary lymphedema

A

Hereditary condition of the lymphatic system that develops with swelling beginning in the feet and progressing into the ankles and in an upward direction along the legs

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67
Q

Secondary lymphedema

A

Caused by damage to lymphatic vessels that’s most frequently due to cancer treatment, surgery, trauma, or burns

68
Q

Bioimpedance spectroscopy

A

Noninvasive method of diagnosing lymphedema

69
Q

Allergic reaction

A

The body’s immune system reacts to a harmless allergen

70
Q

Allergy

A

Overreaction by the body to a particular antigen

71
Q

Allergen

A

Substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual

72
Q

Localized allergic response

A

Redness itching and burning where skin has come in contact with an allergen

73
Q

Systemic reaction anaphylaxis

Or anaphylaxis

A

A severe response to an allergen

74
Q

Antihistamines

A

Medicines administered to relieve or prevent the symptoms of hay fever

75
Q

Autoimmune disorder

A

Any of the diseases characterized by a condition in which ye immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues

76
Q

Immunodeficiency disorder

A

When the immune response is compromised

77
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus

A

Commonly known as HIV

Blood borne infection which the virus damages or kill the T cells

78
Q

Opportunistic infection

A

Caused by a pathogen that doesn’t normally produce an illness in healthy humans

79
Q

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

AIDS

advances fatal stage of HIV

80
Q

Kaposis sarcoma

A

Opportunistic infection that is frequently associated with HIV

81
Q

ELISA

A

Blood test used to screen for the presence of HIV antibodies

82
Q

Western blot test

A

Blood test that produces more accurate results than the ELISA test

83
Q

Immunotherapy

A

Disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response

84
Q

Synthetic immunoglobulins

A

Used as a postexposure preventative measure against certain viruses

85
Q

Synthetic interferon

A

Used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C , and some cancers

86
Q

Monoclonal antibodies

A

Any of the class of antibodies produced in the lab by identical offspring of a clone of specific cells

87
Q

Immunosuppression

A

Treatment to repress or interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to stimulation by antigens

88
Q

Immunosuppressant

A

Substance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response

89
Q

Corticosteroid drug

A

Hormone like preparation administered primarily as an anti inflammatory and as an immunosuppressant

90
Q

Cytotoxic drug

A

Medication that kills or damages cells

Cyt/o- cell
Tox- poison
-ic- pertaining to

91
Q

Bacteria

A

One called microscopic organisms

92
Q

Pathogen

A

Microorganism that causes disease in humans

93
Q

Bacilli

A

Rod shaped spore forming bacteria

94
Q

Anthrax

A

Contagious disease that can transmitted through livestock infested with bacillus anthracis

95
Q

Rickettsia

A

Small bacterium that lives in lice fleas ticks and mites

96
Q

Spirochetes

A

Long slender spiral shaped backers that have flexible walls and are capable of movement

97
Q

Lyme disease

A

Caused by spirochete belonging to the genus borrelia

98
Q

Staphylococci

A

Bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes

99
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Form of staph that often infects wounds

100
Q

Streptococci

A

Bacteria that form a chain

101
Q

Septic shock

A

Condition that occurs when an overwhelming bacterial infection affects the body

102
Q

Antibiotic- resistant bacteria

A

Occur when antibiotics fail to kill all of the bacteria they target

103
Q

Methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus

A

MRSA

One of several types of bacteria that are now resistant to more antibodies

104
Q

Fungus

A

Simple parasitic organisms

105
Q

Yeast

A

Type of fungus

106
Q

Parasites

A

Plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism

107
Q

Malaria

A

Caused by parasite that lives in certain Mosquitos and is transfered to humans by bite of an infected mosquito

108
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Transmitted from pets to humans

109
Q

West Nile virus

A

Spread to humans by the bite of infected mosquito

110
Q

Lyme disease

A

Transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected black legged tic

111
Q

Viruses

A

Very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells

112
Q

Influenza

A

The flu

Contagious viral respiratory infection

113
Q

Measles

A

Highly contagious infection that is transited by respiratory droplets of rubeola virus

114
Q

Mumps

A

Viral infection that is characterized by swelling of the parotid glands

115
Q

Rubella

A

Viral infection

“3-day measles

116
Q

Rabies

A

Viral infection that’s transmitted to humans through the bite or saliva of infected animal

117
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

Found in most body fluids

Silent infection

118
Q

Varicella

A

Chicken pox

119
Q

Herpes zoster

A

Shingles

120
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A

Mono

Caused by EBV

121
Q

Antibodies

A

Medications capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms

122
Q

Bactericide

A

Substance that causes the death of bacteria

123
Q

Anti fungal

A

Agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi

124
Q

Antiviral drug

A

Used to treat viral infections or produce temp immunity

125
Q

Oncology

A

The study of the prevention , causes and treatment of rumors and cancer

126
Q

Tumor

A

Also known as neoplasm

Abnormal growth of body tissue

127
Q

Myosarcoma

A

A malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue

128
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Tumors support its growth by crating its own blood supply

129
Q

Antigiogenesis

A

Form of treatment that disrupts the blood supply to the tumor

130
Q

Cancer

A

Uncontrolled division of cells

131
Q

Metastasize

A

Process by which cancer spreads from one place to another

132
Q

Metastasis

A

New cancer site that results from the spreading process

133
Q

Carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue

134
Q

Carcinoma in situ

A

Malignant tumor in its original position that had not yet disturbed of invaded that surrounding tissues

135
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Anyone of a large group of carcinomas derived from glandular tissue

136
Q

Sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues

137
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Hard tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of the long bones pelvis and knee

138
Q

Synovial sarcoma

A

Tumor of the tissues surrounding a synovial joint such as the knees or elbows

139
Q

Staging

A

Process of classifying rumors by how far the disease has progressed, potential for its response in therapy, and patients prognosis

140
Q

Lymphoma

A

Malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues

141
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large cancerous lymphocytes

142
Q

Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Describe all other lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma

143
Q

Breast cancer

A

Carcinoma that develops from the cells of the breast and can spread to adjacent lymph nodes and other body sites

144
Q

Ductal carcinoma in situ

A

Breast cancer at its earliest stage

145
Q

Infiltrating ducal carcinoma

A

Starts at milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the fatty breast tissue

146
Q

Infiltrating lobular carcinoma

A

Cancer that starts in the milk glands , breaks through the wall of the gland, and invades the fatty tissue of the breast

147
Q

Inflammatory breast cancer

A

IBC

rare but aggressive form of breast cancer

148
Q

Breast self - examination

A

Self- care procedure for the early detection of breast cancer

149
Q

Prefessional palpating of the breast

A

Preformed to feel the texture, size and consistency of the breast

150
Q

Mammography

A

Radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells

151
Q

Ultrasound

A

Used as an initial follow up test when an abnormality is found by mammography

152
Q

Needle breast biopsy

A

Technique in which an x-eat guided needle is used to remove small samples of tissue from the breast

153
Q

Surgical biopsy

A

Removal of a small piece of tissue for examination to confirm a diagnosis

154
Q

Lymph node dissection

A

Surgical procedure in which all of the lymph nodes in a major group are removed to determine of slow the spread of cancer in this area

155
Q

Lunpectomy

A

Surgical removal of only the cancerous tissue with the surrounding margin of normal tissue

156
Q

Mastectomy

A

Surgical removal of the entire beast and nipple

157
Q

Radical mastectomy

A

Surgical removal of the entire breast and many of the surrounding tissues

158
Q

Modified radical mastectomy

A

Surgical removal of the entire breast and all of the ancillary lymph nodes under the adjacent arm

159
Q

Chemotherapy

A

The use of chemical agents and drugs in combinations selected to destroy malignant cells and tissues

160
Q

Chemoprevention

A

Use of natural or synthetic substances to reduce the risk of developing cancer

161
Q

Antineoplastic

A

Medication that blocks the development, growth, or proliferation of malignant cells

162
Q

Cytotoxic drugs

A

Used for both immunosuppressive and chemotherapy

163
Q

Radiation therapy

A

Treatment of some cancers

164
Q

Brachytherapy

A

Use of radioactive materials in contact with or implanted into the tissues to be treated

165
Q

Teletherapy

A

Radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body

166
Q

Targeted therapy

A

Developing form of anti cancer drug therapy that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attach specific cancer cells without harming normal cells

167
Q

Adjuvant therapy

A

Primary cancer treatments

168
Q

Clinical trials

A

Involve testing new and promising cancer treatment that have not yet received food and drug administration approval on patients who agree to be part of the research

Med Teminology Pre Req (10 decks)

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