Ch. 2 Connect

Question 1

If an organism has identical alleles for a given trait is it said to be ___.

Answer 1

Homozygous

Question 2

What information can be obtained from a human pedigree?

Answer 2

• how a gene is inherited

- a family history of genetic traits

Question 3

The gamete possibilities of an organism with the genotype Tt are ___ and ___.

Answer 3

T, t

Question 4

Unfilled circle

Answer 4

Unaffected female

Question 5

Filled circle

Answer 5

Affected female

Question 6

Half filled circle

Answer 6

Heterozygous female

Question 7

Circle with line through it

Answer 7

Deceased female

Question 8

A Punnett square is a tool that can be used to predict the expected ratios of a generic cross

Answer 8

• determine the genotype of each parent
• list all of the gamete possibilities from each parent
• create a Punnett square with the gametes of each parent listed across the top or side of each column or row
• determine possible offspring genotype last by filling in the empty boxes with the symbol across the top or side of each column or row
• analyze the relative proportion of each genotype and phenotype of the offspring

Question 9

When flipping a coin, what is the probability of the coin landing with the head side up?

Answer 9

50%

Question 10

A tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant. What type of cross is this?

Answer 10

• single-factor cross

- monohybrid cross

Question 11

What is the term to describe the basic unit of heredity that influences an organism’s traits?

Answer 11

Gene

Question 12

Father of genetics

Answer 12

Gregor Mendel

Question 13

What term describes the outward expression or observable characteristics of a gene?

Answer 13

Phenotype

Question 14

A pea plant will have green seeds if it has at least one green allele in its genome. A plant will have yellow seeds only if it has two alleles for the yellow seed phenotype. What conclusions can be drawn based on this information?

Answer 14

• a plant that has a green allele and yellow allele will likely have green seeds
• yellow seeds are recessive to green seeds

Question 15

List the steps that would be used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross with the binomial expansion equation in the correct order

Answer 15

• calculate the individual probabilities of an event occurring
• determine the number of outcomes in a category
• substitute the values of p, q, x, and n in the binomial expansion equation

Question 16

The product rule can be used to..

Answer 16

Predict the probability of independent events

Question 17

When there is a deviation between the observed and expected outcomes it is called random ___

Answer 17

Sampling error

Question 18

What term is used to describe the offspring of a genetic cross between organisms with distinctly different traits for a particular character?

Answer 18

Hybrid

Question 19

Which of the following would be classified as the P generation?

Answer 19

True-breeding parents that are crossed

Question 20

What is the term that describes an alternative form of a gene?

Answer 20

Allele

Question 21

What is the expected phenotypic ratio when a plant that is heterozygous for two traits is allowed to self fertilize?

Answer 21

9:3:3:1

Question 22

A tall pea plant with purple flowers is crossed with a short pea plant with white flowers. What type of cross is this?

Answer 22

Two-factor cross

Dihybrid cross

Question 23

What term describes the combination of alleles an individual has?

Answer 23

Genotype

Question 24

Based on Mendel’s law of independent assortment, an organism with the genotype AaBb should form gametes with which of the following ratios?

Answer 24

1 AB: 1 Ab : 1 aB : 1 ab

Question 25

Which of the following are examples of a true-breeding strain?

Answer 25

- a strain of talk plants with purple flowers that have produced the same phenotype for several generations - strain of short plants whose parents and grandparents were all short

Question 26

If a genetic study began with your grandparents, which generation would represent you and your siblings?

Answer 26

F2

Question 27

List the steps that would be used to analyze a genetic cross with the chi square test.

Answer 27

- propose a hypothesis to calculate the expected value based on Mendel's laws - calculate the expected values of the phenotypes - apply the chi square formula using the expected values - interpret the expected chi square value using a chi square table

Question 28

Select all of the reasons that the common garden pea, Pisum sativum, was an ideal species to study genetic crosses.

Answer 28

- the plants could be self-fertilized - the plant has distinct varieties - cross pollination was simple due to the large flower size

Question 29

Self-fertilization is a cross in which...

Answer 29

The pollen and egg come from the same plant

Question 30

A Tt pea plant will be tall. The symbol Tt represents the plants ___

Answer 30

Genotype

Question 31

An organism that has two different alleles for a single trait is ___

Answer 31

Heterozygous

Question 32

When analyzing genetic crosses using the laws of probability, the sum of all independent events occurring must add up to..

Answer 32

100%

Question 33

In pea plants yellow seeds are dominant to green seeds. If the letters "Y" and "y" denote the two alleles of this gene, what is the genotype of a plant with green seeds?

Answer 33

yy

Question 34

Why was the common garden pea an ideal specimen to study genetic cross?

Answer 34

True breeding with two distinct genotypes and phenotypes

Question 35

A trait that is expressed with a single allele is ___

Answer 35

Dominant

Question 36

Which of the following represent heterozygous genotypes?

Answer 36

Cc | BbCc

Question 37

A tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant. What type of cross is this?

Answer 37

Monohybrid cross | Single-factor cross

Question 38

___ refers to the likelihood that an event will occur

Answer 38

Probability

Question 39

Which operation of probability should be used to analyze genetic crosses in which the problem has an unordered combination of outcomes?

Answer 39

Binomial expansion

Question 40

True regarding recessive inheritance

Answer 40

- all offspring of two affected individuals will be affected | - two heterozygotes will generally have affected offspring 25% of the time

Question 41

List the events of pollination

Answer 41

- sperm are produced in pollen grains and eggs are formed in the ovules - pollen grain lands on stigma - pollen tube forms - sperm travel to ehh where fertilization occurs - second sperm fuses with central cell containing polar nuclei to create the endosperm

Question 42

A tomato plant produces fruit with red and green stripes on the skin. The skin color and pattern describe the ___ of the tomato

Answer 42

Phenotype

Question 43

The genotype AAbbCCdd is

Answer 43

Homozygous

Question 44

In pea plants yellow seeds are dominant to green seeds. What are the possible genotypes of a plant with yellow seeds?

Answer 44

YY | Yy

Question 45

The gamete possibilities of an organism with the genotype Tt are ___ and ___.

Answer 45

T | t

Question 46

A cross in which the pollen and egg come from different plants is called ___

Answer 46

Cross fertilization

Question 47

A hypothesis used to predict results is called...

Answer 47

A null hypothesis