ch. 2, pt. 1

Question 1

anything that has mass and takes up space

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

everything in the _______ is made of matter

Answer 2

universe

Question 3

matter is made of tiny ______ which can be atoms, molecules, or electrically charged particles

Answer 3

particles

Question 4

electrically charged particles

Answer 4

ions

Question 5

what are the four main states of matter?

Answer 5

• solid
• liquid
• gas
• plasma

Question 6

solids have a _______ shape and a ______ volume

Answer 6

definite (2)

Question 7

the particles are packed _____ together of solids

Answer 7

close

Question 8

although the particles are locked into place, they _____ back and forth (solids)

Answer 8

vibrate

Question 9

liquids have an ________ shape and a _____ volume

Answer 9

indefinite; definite

Question 10

a liquid will take the shape of its ______. the particles are still packed ______ together but are far enough apart to _____ over one another

Answer 10

container; close; flow

Question 11

gases have an ______ shape and an ______ volume

Answer 11

indefinite (2)

Question 12

a gas will ______ to fill its container. The particles move _____ and are very ____ apart

Answer 12

expand; fast; far

Question 13

____ percent of matter in the universe is made of _____

Answer 13

99.9; plasma

Question 14

plasma has an electrical _____. most of the plasma in the universe is found within _____

Answer 14

charge; stars

Question 15

matter can change from one state to another with a change _____ energy

Answer 15

heat

Question 16

when heat increases, the particles move _____ and spread further apart. When heat decreases, the particles mover _______ and get closer together.

Answer 16

faster; slower

Question 17

melting

Answer 17

solid; liquid

Question 18

vaporization

Answer 18

liquid; gas

Question 19

freezing

Answer 19

liquid; solid

Question 20

deposition

Answer 20

gas, solid

Question 21

sublimation

Answer 21

solid; gas

Question 22

T/F: the particles in a solid are rigid and do not move

Answer 22

false

Question 22

condensation

Answer 22

gas; liquid

Question 23

T/F: decreasing heat energy can cause a phase change

Answer 23

true

Question 23

T/F: a liquid does not have a shape of its own

Answer 23

true

Question 24

T/F: increasing heat energy can cause a phase change

Answer 24

true

Question 25

T/F: the evaporation of water over time is an example of sublimation

Answer 25

false

Question 26

T/F: plasma is rare on Earth but plentiful in the universe

Answer 26

true

Question 27

T/F: placing a balloon in a freezer will cause the balloon to expand

Answer 27

false

Question 28

energy in motion

Answer 28

kinetic energy

Question 29

describe the kinetic energy of solids

Answer 29

particles vibrate, packed very closely

Question 30

describe the kinetic energy of liquids

Answer 30

medium kinetic energy; float easily

Question 31

describe the kinetic energy of gases

Answer 31

particles go in all direction

Question 32

when a solid turns into a liquid

Answer 32

melting

Question 33

when a liquid turns into a solid

Answer 33

freezing

Question 34

when a liquid turns into a gas

Answer 34

evaporation

Question 35

when a gas turns into a liquid

Answer 35

condensation

Question 36

when a solid turns directly into a gas without becoming liquid first

Answer 36

sublimation

Question 37

when a gas turns directly into a solid without becoming a liquid first

Answer 37

deposition

Question 38

a particle with a positive charge

Answer 38

proton (p+)

Question 39

a particle with no charge or neutral

Answer 39

neutron (n)

Question 40

a particle with a negative charge

Answer 40

electron (e)

Question 41

the energy level _____ to to the ______ has the _____ _____

Answer 41

closest; nucleus; most energy

Question 42

electrically charged particle; positive or negative

Answer 42

ions

Question 43

energy that is at rest

Answer 43

potential energy

Question 44

measured units in matter

Answer 44

mass

Question 45

the space it occupies

Answer 45

volume

Question 46

the gravitational attraction for an object's mass

Answer 46

weight

Question 47

occur when objects touch each other

Answer 47

contact forces

Question 48

opposes the motion of objects in contact

Answer 48

friction

Question 49

causes the particles in an object to move across each other in layers

Answer 49

shear

Question 50

pulls on an object, usually in a straight line

Answer 50

tension

Question 51

pushes objects closer

Answer 51

compression

Question 52

act on objects separating by distance

Answer 52

field forces

Question 53

exerted between magnets and magnetic material

Answer 53

magnetic force

Question 54

exerted between electrical charges

Answer 54

electric force

Question 55

gives things weight

Answer 55

gravity