chapter 12

Question 1

what is leeching?

Answer 1

movement of water down into each layer dissolving some minerals

Question 2

describe the stages of stream development

Answer 2

youthful - high elevation, v-shaped valleys, no floodplain, high velocity, fairly straight course
mature - “s” shaped curves in meanders, floodplains exist, not capable of moving very large sediments
old age - very large floodplains, low velocity

Question 3

list four factors that affect weathering

Answer 3

• particle size
• climate
• composition
• exposure

Question 4

list four examples of chemical weathering

Answer 4

• iron oxide
• carbonic acid
• dissolution
• corrosion

Question 5

materials are carried with the moving water (silts and clay)

Answer 5

suspensions

Question 6

fast or sudden; most common around road cuts

Answer 6

slump

Question 7

list four agents of erosion

Answer 7

• water
• wind
• glaciers
• gravity

Question 8

sheets of ice that are formed by snowfall that doesn’t melt in predominantly cold climates. Pressure by the upper layers compact and form ice

Answer 8

glacier

Question 9

what is saltation?

Answer 9

a specific type of particle transport by fluids like water. Occurs when loose material is removed from a bed and carried by the fluid. (saltus “leap”)

Question 10

the leaving behind of sediment

Answer 10

deposition

Question 11

slowest type of mass movement

Answer 11

creep

Question 12

how are sedimentary rocks classified?

Answer 12

according to their particle size

Question 13

list five things that can cause weathering

Answer 13

• plants
• running water
• abrasion
• wind
• glacier

Question 14

what are the two kinds of running water?

Answer 14

streams and river

Question 15

what is corrosion?

Answer 15

when acid and water (acid rain) reacts with certain metals

Question 16

breaks off from glaciers as chunks of ice floats out to sea

Answer 16

ice berg

Question 17

moves in relation to the slope of the land

Answer 17

mudflow

Question 18

what is the difference between residual and transported products of weathering

Answer 18

the soil sits above the rock it has weathered from in residual weathering, and in transported weathering, soil that has been weathered from rock at a location is moved elsewhere.

Question 19

what is the difference in chemical and physical weathering?

Answer 19

chemical weathering changes the substance of a rock and physical weathering is the breakdown of rock, it still remains a rock

Question 20

List and describe the soil horizon

Answer 20

A Horizon - topsoil which contains humus + a lot of nutrients
B Horizon - sub soil below topsoil into which water has leached nutrients from rich layers above
C Horizon - partially weathered rock

Question 21

materials are dissolved in water (salts)

Answer 21

solutions

Question 22

amount of water in a stream

Answer 22

discharge

Question 23

the bottom of a stream channel

Answer 23

steam bed

Question 24

also called “earth slide,” “rock slide,” or avalanche; rapid movement; unsorted material moving downhill; destroys everything in path

Answer 24

landslide

Question 25

what is regolith?

Answer 25

unsolicited weathered rock found at earth's surface

Question 26

large materials that roll and bounce along the stream bottom because of the motion of water

Answer 26

bed load