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Flashcards in Ch. 2 Questions Deck (35)
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1
Q

The most accepted definition of evolution is

A

The idea that species change over time and give rise to other species

2
Q

Greek philosopher Anaximander proposed that humans had arisen from

A

Fish

3
Q

In what year did Irish archbishop James Ussher calculate the earth was created?

A

4004 B.C.

4
Q

What important aspect of nature did Darwin recognize that the others both before and after him did not fully appreciate or incorporate into their research?

A

There is an incredible degree of variation that existed within living species

5
Q

What scientist is credited with recognizing the appearance of plant and animal fossils as the remains of creatures that had become extinct or that existed in different form?

A

Robert Hooke

6
Q

A catastrophist believes that

A

The history of the earth is explained by a series of global calamities

7
Q

Who is accredited with the idea of acquired characteristics?

A

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

8
Q

Comte de Buffon believed that the history of the earth, as seen in its strata, could be explained by everyday processes such as erosion and deposition of sediments in water occurring repeatedly without interruption. This idea is also known as

A

Uniformitarianism

9
Q

Which scientist, nicknamed “Strata,” produced the first geological map?

A

William Smith

10
Q

Which of the following views associated with uniformitarianism is NOT accepted by modern science?

A

Changes in the overall appearance of the earth are relatively minor and occur in great cycles

11
Q

Who influenced Charles Darwin’s ideas on the relationship between populations and their resources?

A

Thomas Malthus

12
Q

What is most significant about the work of Hooke, Steno, Hutton, Smith, and Lyell?

A

They brought the study of the earth into the realm of the natural, rather than the supernatural

13
Q

Who devised the system of scientific names still used today to classify living things?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

14
Q

According to Darwin, which individuals would have a better chance of reproductive success?

A

Those individuals that are better adapted

15
Q

What percentage of all species that have ever lived is now extinct?

A

90 percent or more

16
Q

Charles Darwin alone without influence came up with the theory of evolution

A

False

17
Q

Gregor Mendel derived the basic laws of genetics using his research on pea plants in the 1800’s

A

True

18
Q

According to Robert Hooke, Noah’s flood was caused by earthquakes

A

True

19
Q

Stratigraphy is the study of the earth’s strata in which the lower layers represent of older material while higher layers represent younger material.

A

True

20
Q

Charles Lyell, a proponent of the idea of uniformitarianism, believed that some day the dinosaurs would reappear

A

True

21
Q

Evolution by natural selection has no particular direction towards a perfect form

A

True

22
Q

Alfred Russell Wallace came up with the idea of natural selection independent of Darwin

A

True

23
Q

Darwin fully understood the processes of genetics

A

False

24
Q

The term genotype refers to

A

The alleles possessed by an organism

25
Q

Evolution takes place within

A

Populations

26
Q

If we see change in the allele frequencies in a population over time

A

We know that some or all of the processes of evolution are affecting the population

27
Q

Protein Synthesis

A

DNA has the recipe for making proteins, a DNA sequence determines what protein is produced

28
Q

Sickle cell exists in high frequencies in certain populations, this can best be explained by

A

Natural selection; in malarial environments, individuals who are heterozygous for sickle cell are fitter

29
Q

Indiana Jones visits the Yanomamo and after testing them finds that only 3 individuals in the small village of people have blood type A. His great granddaughter, Elsie Jones returns after two generations and finds that no one in the village has blood type A any longer. Which process of evolution is likely the cause for these changes?

A

Gene drift

30
Q

Gene drift is significant in

A

Small populations because of their small size

31
Q

What is not true of polygenic traits?

A

They are simple, Mendelian traits

32
Q

Mutations are

A

The only source of completely new genetic variation

33
Q

The allele that causes an altered form of hemoglobin (Hb) occurs in all human populations as a result of mutation. In some populations, this allele has increased in frequency because it confers some resistance to malaria. Which process of evolution is likely responsible for the change?

A

Natural selection

34
Q

Bottleneck

A

Occurs when there is a severe reduction in the size of a population

35
Q

Ear was is a monogenic trait and there are two possible alleles. There is an allele for West, dry, sticky ear wax and an allele for dry, gray, flaky earwax. Wet ear wax is dominant and dry ear wax is recessive. If an individual has one recessive allele and one dominant allele

A

They are heterozygous for this trait