Exam 2 Questions

Question 1

The taxonomic system of naming organisms was created by

Answer 1

Linnaeus

Question 2

In a phenetic taxonomy, humans are in the Family of Hominidae because

Answer 2

They are habitual bipeds

Question 3

What two species share the genus Pan?

Answer 3

Chimpanzees and Bonobos

Question 4

Which of the following is a classification system based on order of evolutionary branching?

Answer 4

Cladistics

Question 5

The most primitive primates that have a moist naked outer nose are called

Answer 5

Prosimians

Question 6

Most primates share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

Answer 6

Relatively short periods of postnatal dependency

Question 7

Of all land mammals, the primates have the largest relative

Answer 7

Brains

Question 8

Which of the following primates is least social?

Humans, Bonobos, Gorillas, or Orangutans

Answer 8

Orangutans

Question 9

The suborder Anthropoidea includes all of the following except…
(Lemurs, Monkeys, Apes, Humans)

Answer 9

Lemurs

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the four species collectively known as the great apes?
(Orangutans, Chimpanzees, Baboons, Bonobos)

Answer 10

Baboons

Question 11

The primate that has a flat face, no prehensile feet but the most dextrous hands are called

Answer 11

Humans

Question 12

Which primate has the longest period of postnatal dependency?

Answer 12

Humans

Question 13

Humans experience estrus when they are most fertile.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Phenetic classification is based on the order of evolutionary branching.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

True depth perception is also called stereoscopic vision which is an evolutionary adaptation to living in the trees.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

The Old World catarrhine primates consist of monkeys, apes, and humans

Answer 16

True

Question 17

The notochord is the evolutionary precursor to the vertebral column

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Traits that allow members of the superfamily Hominidea to climb and hang from branches include a flexible shoulder joint and a stronger collar bone.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Primates do not have highly developed senses of auditory and olfactory senses as other animals.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Bipedalism is a trait common to almost all primates.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

New World and Old World monkeys are distinguished by their nostrils.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

The human primate has the largest brain absolutely and relatively.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Shared derived characteristics are also known as

Answer 23

Homologies

Question 24

Which of the following would be considered the most dominant in a baboon social hierarchy?
• A large aggressive adult male
• A large aggressive adult female
• The most fertile female
• The male with the most offspring

Answer 24

A large aggressive male

Question 25

Which of the following primates has been seen to hunt cooperatively and kill small pigs, antelopes, and monkeys? (Baboons, Chimpanzees, Gorillas, Bonobos)

Answer 25

Chimpanzees

Question 26

Which of the following primates has been seen to use sex as a means of social group cohesion? (Baboons, Orangutans, Bonobos, Chimpanzees)

Answer 26

Bonobos

Question 27

Ethology is the study of animals...

Answer 27

Under natural conditions

Question 28

Baboon groups range in size from...

Answer 28

20 to 200 individuals

Question 29

``` Which of the following is a real example of tool usage among primates? • Termite sticks • Stone tools • Leaves as rain hats • All of the above ```

Answer 29

All

Question 30

Much of that we know about chimp behavior comes from the studies of

Answer 30

Jane Goodall

Question 31

Scientists have observed all of the following chimp behavior except... • Rudimentary attempts at writing • Males attacking and killing other chimps • Social interactions such as kissing, hugging, and bowing • Males helping their brothers in competitions for dominance

Answer 31

Rudimentary attempts at writing

Question 32

``` Bonobos... • Often hunt together • Walk upright more often than chimps • Use tools but not to acquire food • Are more war-like than chimps ```

Answer 32

Use tools but not to acquire food

Question 33

Bonobos are found...

Answer 33

In the Congo

Question 34

Human behavior is the result of mostly genetics with little to no modifications from culture.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

The behavior of Baboons hints that early human behavior was characterized by social cooperation and organization.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Chimps and Bonobos are out best analogies to himan behavior because they are our closest primate relatives.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Chimpanzee society is marked by cooperation and mutual concern, which is seen mostly within the family unit of siblings.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Fruit is the one food that chimps will share.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Group cooperative behavior is an example of a homology between humans and chimpanzees.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Bonobo society is more peaceful than that of chimpanzees.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Bonobos exhibit sexual behavior only when a female can conceive an offspring.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

Physical differences between the sexes of a species, not related to reproductive features, are referred to as

Answer 42

Sexual dimorphism

Question 43

Besides the pelvis, which of the following is the best feature for identifying the sex of a human skeleton?

Answer 43

Skull

Question 44

Humans, as a species, are labeled ______ with respect to their diet.

Answer 44

Omnivores

Question 45

The study of disease and nutritional deficiency in prehistoric populations is called

Answer 45

Paleopathology

Question 46

If something turns to stone, it is said to be

Answer 46

Petrifies

Question 47

The deeper a layer of strata is the older it is defines the idea of

Answer 47

Superposition

Question 48

Biostratigraphy

Answer 48

A dating method that indicates the age of one item in comparison to another

Question 49

Radiocarbon dating can establish the age of fossils back to about

Answer 49

50,000 years

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a condition conducive to the preservation of organic remains? • Extreme dryness • Cold and dry conditions at high altitudes • Lack of oxygen around the remains • Heavy accumulation of fallen leaves each autumn

Answer 50

Heavy accumulation of fallen leaves each autumn

Question 51

In the 1960's, researchers Vincent Sarich and Alan Wilson calculated that chimps and himans branched a mere ______, much more recently than was previously thought.

Answer 51

5 mya

Question 52

A fossil is considered scientifically useless unless it has a known provenance.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

Age of death can be determined from skeletal remains.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

Trephination is a surgical procedure that involves cutting a hole in the skull.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

The dating method that indicates the age of one item in comparison to another is called absolute dating technique.

Answer 55

False

Question 56

Radiocarbon dating is an example of relative dating technique

Answer 56

False

Question 57

Potassium-argon dates organic remains to about 50,000 years.

Answer 57

False

Question 58

The study of how a fossil becomes part of the paleontological record is called taphonomy

Answer 58

True

Question 59

It is common for a living creature to become fossilized upon death.

Answer 59

False

Question 60

Humans and chimpanzees are more than 98% identical at the nucleotide level

Answer 60

True

Question 61

Due to a mutation humans have a reduction in muscle fibers and some of the jaw muscles compared to other primates.

Answer 61

True

Question 62

About when do undisputed primates appear in the fossil record?

Answer 62

55 mya

Question 63

An important evolutionary shift that marked the origin of the anthropoids included what change?

Answer 63

Less leaping and more climbing through the trees with all fours

Question 64

The biggest primate ever, Gigantopithecus, is estimated to have stood

Answer 64

10 to 12 feet tall

Question 65

Starting around ______, we find more fossils of ground dweling, open-country apes whose larger back teeth with thicker enamel point to an increased mixed vegetable diet that included harder foods such as nuts.

Answer 65

12 mya

Question 66

The "Taung baby" looks like a young ape except for a couple of important differences. One of those differences is

Answer 66

The location of the foramen magnum

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a potential adaptive reason for bipedalism?

Answer 67

It takes more metabolic energy to run somewhere than to walk

Question 68

Which of the following genera is NOT extinct?

Answer 68

Homo

Question 69

The sagittal crest is

Answer 69

A ridge bone, running from back to front along the top of the skull

Question 70

The purpose of the sagittal crest

Answer 70

Muscles attach to it to aid in chewing

Question 71

The ape like trait of the jutting forward of the lower face and jaws is called

Answer 71

Prognathism

Question 72

Savanna adapted early hominins are classified in genus

Answer 72

Paranthropus

Question 73

What is robust about the so called robust early hominins?

Answer 73

Chewing areas

Question 74

Orrorin is thought by some to be a hominin because of its

Answer 74

Bipedalism

Question 75

Competitive exclusion is

Answer 75

When one species competes with others for the resources of a particular area and wins

Question 76

Aegyptipithecus existed 34 mya in the Fayum region of what is today Egypt.

Answer 76

True

Question 77

One theory about the evolution of New World monkeys is that they originated in South America.

Answer 77

False

Question 78

Early species of hominid lived in ecotones that were a mix of forest and open areas

Answer 78

True

Question 79

The skeleton known as "Lucy" is one of the species Australopithecus afarensis

Answer 79

True

Question 80

According to the author, bipedalism evolved only once and only in the evolutionary chain leading to Homo sapiens.

Answer 80

False

Question 81

Genus Paranthropus is characterized by robust chewing muscles and teeth with a chimp-sized brain

Answer 81

True

Question 82

Salehanthropus tchadensis was found in the Sahel region of Africa and is thought to have a mosaic of ape and hominid characteristics.

Answer 82

True

Question 83

All the species of the genus Australopithecine are known to walk bipedally and make stone tools.

Answer 83

False

Question 84

According to the author, some of the early hominin fossils may have been bipedal apes

Answer 84

True

Question 85

Ardipithecus ramidus supports the idea that bipedalism evolved first on the savannah

Answer 85

False