Ch 20 Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
analgesic nephropathy is associated w/
A
papillary necrosis
2
Q
drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction of interstitiual and tubules leading to acute renal failure
A
tubulointerstitial nephritis
3
Q
extensive accumulation of calcium phosphate crystals in tubules
A
acute phosphate nephropathy
4
Q
HTN w/ esophageal varices in kids
A
ARPKD
5
Q
pts w/ multiple myeloma associated with
A
light chain cast nephropathy (myeloma kidney)
6
Q
northern european demographic
A
ADPKD
7
Q
Sporadic: 80%
Hereditary:
- deletions on chromosome 3
- loss of VHL
A
clear cell carcinoma of kidney
8
Q
polar scarring
A
chronic pyelonephritis w/ vesicoureteral reflux
9
Q
fever, neurologic symptoms, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
A
thrombocytic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
10
Q
corticomedullay cysts, shrunken kidneys, adults
A
adult-onset nephronophthisis
11
Q
~ hematuria (most common)
- palpable mass
- flank pain
A
renal cell carcinoma
12
Q
most common benign renal neoplasm
A
Renal Papillary Adenoma
13
Q
most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
A
minimal change dz
14
Q
irregular kidneys w/ cysts of various sizes, kidneys can be small, normal, or big
A
multicystic renal dysplasia
15
Q
benign, small, discrete adenomas arising from the renal tubular epithelium
A
Renal Papillary Adenoma
16
Q
salt-wasting, polyuria
A
adult-onset nephronophthisis
17
Q
tram track apperance
A
MPGN I
18
Q
worse pronosis of SLE nephropathy
A
class 4: diffuse lupus nephritis
19
Q
kimmelstiel-wilson nodules on histo
A
diabetic nephropathy
20
Q
liver cysts
A
ADPKD
21
Q
cortical surface of kidneys w/ multiple foci of yellow grey areas of acute inflammation and abscesses
A
acute pyelonephritis
22
Q
vesicoureteral reflux is a predisposing factor for
A
pyelonephritis
23
Q
PKHD1 on chromosome 6 encoding fibrocystin
A
ARPKD
24
Q
most common adult kidney cancer
A
Renal Cell Carcinoma
25
bence jones proteins
light chain cast nephropathy (myeloma kidney)
26
gross kidney: granular, pitted surface, thin cortex, cortical depressions
diabetic nephropathy
27
defect in alpha 5 chain of type 4 collagen
x-linked
alport syndrome
28
pale cortex
diffuse cortical necrosis
29
hematuria
polyruia
HTN
ADPKD
30
reduced calyces
chronic pyelonephritis
31
collapsing glomerulosclerosis in HIV patients
FSGS
32
inherited mutations of complement regulatory proteins like factor H
Atypical hemolytic uremia syndrome (HUS)
33
multifocal ischemia of kidney and parenchyma
benign nephrosclerosis
34
nephrotic dz might be associated w/ hodgkin lymphoma
minimal change dz
35
crescents composed of fibrin and macropahges
RPGN
36
- Wilms tumor
- Neonatal hypoglycemia
- muscular hemihypertrophy
- organomegaly (ex: tongue)
beckwith weidmann syndrome
37
reduced sized kidneys, ischemic atrophy, mild arteriosclerosis
renal artery stenosis
38
most common genetic cause of end-stage renal dz in children and young adults
familial juvenile nephronophthisis
39
nodular glomerulosclerosis
diabetic nephropathy
40
ethylene glycol causing oxalate crystal is associated w/
acute tubular injury
41
thick glomerular membranes, subepithelial deposits, granular deposition on IF, spikes
membranous nephropathy
42
progressive sclerosis that develops after many types of renal injury and leads to proteinuria
FSGS
43
less than 1cm in diameter
- always in the cortex
- pale yellow-grey, discrete, well circumscribed nodules
Renal Papillary Adenoma
44
eating e.coli
typical hemolytic uremia syndrome (HUS)
45
endothelial injury causing thrombocytopenia leading to microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
typical hemolytic uremia syndrome (HUS)
46
- gonadal and renal tumors
denys drash syndrome
47
medullary cysts, shrunken kidneys, cortical tubulointerstitial damage
medullary sponge kidney
48
hematuria, hyposthenuria, patchy papillary necrosis, proteinuria
sickle cell nephropathy
49
renal artery stenosis in older patients associated w/
atheromatous plaque
50
IgA and C3 deposits in the mesangium
henoch-schonlein purpura
51
tumor comprised of blastema, primitive glomeruli and tubules, and stromal cells (triphasic)
wilm's tumor
52
hepatic fibrosis
ARPKD
53
IgG, IgM and C3 on IF
subendothelial deposits on EM
MPGN I
54
subendothelial and mesangial dense deposits w/ wire loops on LM
SLE nephropathy
55
ADAMTS13 mutation
thrombocytic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
56
glomerulus "stuffed" in bowman's capsule w/ decrease in urinary space
SLE nephropathy
57
corticomedullay cysts, shrunken kidneys, children
familial juvenile nephronophthisis
58
flea bitten appearance of kidney
malignant nephrosclerosis
59
- Wilms tumor
- Aniridia
- Genital abnormalities
- Mental and motor Retardation
WAGR syndrome
60
50% of pts have concomitant bladder tumors
Renal Urothelial (transitional cell) Carcinoma
61
can spontaneously rupture with massive hemorrhage --> initial presentation may be shock secondary to massive retroperitoneal and/or intra-abdominal hemorrahge
angiomyolipoma
62
nephrotic syndrome associated with hep B, C, SLE, NSAIDs
membranous nephropathy
63
hyperplastic arteriosclerosis
malignant nephrosclerosis
64
EM: packed with mitochondria
oncocytoma
65
most common cause of glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy
66
increased in frequency in pts with tubular sclerosis
angiomyolipoma
67
associated w/ gluten enteropathy
IgA nephropathy
68
IgM and C3
effacement of foot processes
FSGS
69
mutations in vWF
thrombocytic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
70
hyaline arteriosclerosis
benign nephrosclerosis
71
mahogany-brown and well circumscribed often with central stellate scar
oncocytoma
72
radial arrayed cysts
ARPKD
73
dirty brown granular casts
acute tubular injury
74
arise from type A intercalated cells of renal cortical collecting ducts
oncocytoma
75
increased mesangial matrix w/ alterations in GBM
MPGN I
76
amyloidosis, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia
light chain cast nephropathy (myeloma kidney)
77
tx PSGN
supportive
78
most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in caucasian adults
membranous nephropathy
79
formation of uric acid crystal in renal tubules in collecting ducts
acute urate nephropathy
80
thinning and thickening of bm
alport syndrome
81
originates from utothelium of renal pelvis
infiltration of wall of the pelvis and calyces is common
Renal Urothelial (transitional cell) Carcinoma
82
WT1 chromosome 11 mutations
WAGR and denys drash
83
AR inherited mutation of NPHP1
familial juvenile nephronophthisis
84
- proteinuria
- hypoalbuminemia
- hypogammaglobunemia
- hypercoaguable state
- hyperlipidemia
nephrotic syndrome
85
embolization of atheromatous plaques from aorta or renal artery into intrarenal vessels
atheroembolic renal dz
86
inherited form associated w/ mutations in nephrin, NPSH1, podocin, alpha-actinin 4, TRPC6, APOL1
FSGS
87
hypercellularity of glomerulus
nephritic syndrome
88
thickened GBM and increased mesangial matrix w/ shrunken kidneys
diabetic nephropathy
89
most common cause end stage renal dz
diabetic nephropathy
90
AR mutations in alpha3 or alpha4 of type 4 collagen
thin basement membrane dz
91
AD inheritance
| - associated with loss of TSC1 or TSC2
angiomyolipoma
92
"gouty nephropathy"
chronic urate nephropathy
93
purpuric skin lesions, abd pain, vomiting, arthralgias
henoch-schonlein purpura
94
permeation of lamina densa of GBM by electron dense ribbon of materia
MPGN II
95
berry aneurysm
MVP
diverticular dz
ADPKD
96
demographics for benign nephrosclerosis
older pts
african americans
97
demographics malignant nephrosclerosis
younger patients
men>women
african americans
98
C3 nephritic factor autoantibodies
MPGN II
99
lipid deposition in proximal tubule
minimal change dz
100
oliguria, fever, rash, azotemia after starting a drug
tubulointerstitial nephritis
101
hamartoma comprised of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose tissue
angiomyolipoma
102
occurs after obstetric emergency
diffuse cortical necrosis
103
hemorrhage, erythrocytosis, neoplasia
| shrunken kidneys
acquired renal cystic dz
104
"white" wedge shapes
renal infarcts
105
cholesterol cysts
atheroembolic renal dz
106
tx is inhibitors of RAAS syndrome
FSGS
107
```
Sporadic:
- trisomy 7, 16, 17
- lost Y (MET proto-oncogene)
Hereditary:
- trisomy 7
```
papillary carcinoma of kidney
108
renal artery stenosis in young women associated w/
fibromuscular dysplasia
109
anti-PLA2R antibodies
membranous nephropathy
110
yellow-green to pink tubular bile casts, pts w/ liver dz
bile cast nephropathy
111
hepatic cysts
ADPKD
112
genetic defects causing ADPKD
PKD1 on chromosome 16: polycystin 1
| PKD2 on chromosome 4: polycystin 2
113
risk factors:
- antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
- pregnancy
- oral contraceptive
- scleroderma
- chemotherapy
Atypical hemolytic uremia syndrome (HUS)
114
recurrent hematuria
IgA nephropathy
115
diarrhea, hematemesis, melena, oliguria, hematuria
typical hemolytic uremia syndrome (HUS)
116
diffuse thinning of GBM
thin basement membrane dz
117
second most common cause of acute kidney injury
drug induced interstitial nephritis
118
hepatic fibrosis w/ hepatic failure and HTN in kids
ARPKD
119
C3 deposits in basement membrane in circular aggregation w/o IgG
MPGN II
