CH 22 Flashcards
(20 cards)
It is important for the paramedic to consult with medical control prior to administering analgesia to a patient with severe flank pain and suspected acute kidney injury because:
patients with renal failure often require high doses of analgesia.
most patients who are given analgesia will experience hypotension.
renal failure may cause analgesics to accumulate to toxic levels.
analgesia will mask the patient’s pain and skew further examination.
renal failure may cause analgesics to accumulate to toxic levels.
Which of the following common signs and symptoms would you expect with a of a lower urinary tract infection?
Localized pain in the right upper quadrant
Painful urination
Gross hematuria
Decreased urinary frequency
Painful urination
Any time a patient with end-stage renal disease is found in cardiac arrest, the paramedic should strongly consider which of the following as the cause?
Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia
A 59-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease presents with an acute onset of dyspnea while undergoing a hemodialysis treatment. She is conscious but in obvious respiratory distress. Further assessment reveals perioral cyanosis and a blood pressure of 96/56 mm Hg. Based on this patient’s medical history and clinical presentation, which of the following interventions is likely indicated?
Administration of calcium and bicarbonate
IV crystalloid fluid boluses
Rapid transport to the hospital
Narcotic analgesia
Rapid transport to the hospital
A 50-year-old man presents with a painful penile erection that has persisted for the past several hours. He is conscious, but restless, and his vital signs are stable. Which of the following conditions could cause his clinical presentation?
Renal failure
Antidepressant use
Head trauma
Nitroglycerin use
Antidepressant use
Patients requiring chronic dialysis:
are almost always inpatients in a hospital.
are usually dialyzed every 2 or 3 days.
stay on the dialysis machine for 6 to 8 hours.
are typically not able to ambulate.
are usually dialyzed every 2 or 3 days
Immediately following a dialysis treatment, a middle-aged woman complains of generalized weakness and nausea. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg, pulse rate is 40 beats/min and weak, and respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. She is receiving supplemental oxygen, and an IV line has been established in the extremity opposite the shunt. The ECG reveals sinus bradycardia in lead II. Your next action should be to:
obtain a 12-lead ECG tracing.
administer 0.5 mg of atropine sulfate.
administer calcium and bicarbonate.
administer a 20-mL/kg fluid bolus.
administer 0.5 mg of atropine sulfate
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of chronic kidney disease?
Hyperkalemia
Hypertension
Bradycardia
Dehydration
Hyperkalemia
A patient with prerenal acute kidney injury would most likely present with:
confusion and hypertension.
hypotension and tachycardia.
joint pain and bladder distention.
peripheral edema and hematuria.
hypotension and tachycardia.
End-stage renal disease occurs when:
the initial signs of azotemia are present.
urine output falls to less than 500 mL/day.
the kidneys have lost all ability to function.
the glomerular filtration rate is increased.
the kidneys have lost all ability to function.
In contrast to the male urethra, the female urethra:
consists of a prostatic urethra.
is divided into three regions.
is approximately 20 cm long.
is significantly shorter in length.
is significantly shorter in length.
You are dispatched to a residence for an elderly man with an altered mental status. As you are assessing the patient, his wife tells you that he goes to dialysis several times a week, but has missed his last three treatments because their car broke down. The patient’s skin is yellow, his blood pressure is 98/60 mm Hg, and his pulse rate is 118 beats/min. The ECG reveals sinus tachycardia with peaked T waves. You should be concerned with the potential for:
lethal ventricular dysrhythmias.
hypokalemia-induced cardiac arrest.
severe hypovolemia.
acute bradycardia or heart block.
lethal ventricular dysrhythmias
Which of the following is an internal region of the kidney?
Cortex
Ureter
Urethra
Hilum
Cortex
A 20-year-old male presents with an acute onset of severe testicular pain. He denies any trauma to the genital region. He is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg, his heart rate is 120 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. The most important aspect in the care of this patient involves:
IV fluid therapy.
prompt transport.
narcotic analgesia.
high-flow oxygen.
Prompt transport
Which of the following conditions may cause urinary retention?
Polynephritis
Urinary tract infections
Chronic kidney disease
Testicular torsion
Urinary tract infections
If a patient missed a dialysis treatment, you would expect them to present with:
hypocalcemia.
edema.
hypokalemia.
dehydration.
Edema
Which of the following is the most important therapy the paramedic can administer to a patient with an isolated renal calculus?
Rehydration
An antiemetic
Analgesia
Oxygen
Analgesia
A 40-year-old man presents with difficulty urinating, fever, and tremors. Which of the following should you suspect?
Testicular torsion
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
Prostatitis
Prostate cancer
Prostatitis
Which of the following statements regarding postrenal acute kidney injury is correct?
Postrenal acute kidney injury typically results in decreased pressure on the nephrons.
Postrenal acute kidney injury is caused by obstruction of urine flow from the kidneys.
Postrenal acute kidney injury involves damage to the renal parenchyma or tubules.
Patients with postrenal acute kidney injury typically develop severe hypokalemia.
Postrenal acute kidney injury is caused by obstruction of urine flow from the kidneys.
A renal calculus that has become lodged in a lower ureter would likely produce which of the following signs and symptoms?
Overflow incontinence
Seizure
Fever
Hematuria
Hematuria
