CH 26 Flashcards
(15 cards)
Histamine release causes which of the following effects?
Activation of the kinin system
Increased cardiac contractility, which results in hypertension
Contraction of the smooth muscles of the respiratory system
Increased recruitment of inflammatory cells
Contraction of the smooth muscles of the respiratory system
A 26-year-old female presents with a fever, rash, and joint pain. What should you suspect?
Allergic reaction
Scleroderma
Lupus
Anaphylaxis
Lupus
An abnormal immune response that the body develops when it is re-exposed to an allergen is called:
an allergic reaction.
anaphylaxis.
hypersensitivity.
secondary response.
An allergic reaction
A 49-year-old male who had a heart transplant presents with a heart rate of 40 beats/min. He is weak, dizzy, lightheaded, and hypotensive. Which of the following medications would be ineffective?
Isoproterenol
Norepinephrine
Atropine
Epinephrine
Atropine
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus:
have increases in their red blood cell and platelet counts.
often take medications that suppress their immune system.
are typically males between the ages of 50 and 75 years.
are routinely treated with high-dose antibiotic therapy.
often take medications that suppress their immune system.
Which of the following is a physiologic effect of histamine?
Systemic vasodilation
Increased cardiac contractility
Increased mucus secretion
Decreased vascular permeability
Systemic vasodilation
You are caring for a 40-year-old man in anaphylactic shock after being stung by a scorpion. The patient is responsive to pain only, has poor respiratory effort, and is hypotensive and tachycardic. Which of the following represents the most appropriate treatment sequence for this patient?
Assisted ventilation, intubation if necessary, at least one large-bore IV with normal saline, epinephrine IM or IV, and Benadryl IV or IM
Immediate intubation, epinephrine SQ, two large-bore IV lines with normal saline, a 250-mL normal saline bolus, and Benadryl IM
High-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, Solu-Medrol IV, two large-bore IV lines with normal saline, and 20-mL/kg boluses of normal saline
Assisted ventilation, i-gel insertion, Benadryl IM followed immediately by epinephrine SQ, and a large-bore IV with normal saline
Assisted ventilation, intubation if necessary, at least one large-bore IV with normal saline, epinephrine IM or IV, and Benadryl IV or IM
Patients with systemic scleroderma will often have symptoms of:
chronic active hepatitis.
Crohn disease.
narcolepsy.
Raynaud phenomenon.
Raynaud phenomenon.
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is used to treat allergic reactions because it:
reverses the vasodilatory and bronchoconstrictive effects.
blocks the histamine effects at the H1 receptor sites.
destroys histamines and blocks their further release.
binds to H2 receptors and blocks histamine release.
blocks the histamine effects at the H1 receptor sites.
A 31-year-old man presents with diffuse hives, intense itching, and watery eyes that began acutely about an hour ago. He is conscious and alert, is breathing without difficulty, and tells you that he does not have any allergies or significant medical problems. His blood pressure is 126/76 mm Hg, pulse is 80 beats/min and strong, and respirations are 16 breaths/min and unlabored. What drug should you administer?
Albuterol
Epinephrine
Diphenhydramine
Oxygen
Diphenhydramine
Which of the following is an early clinical manifestation of an allergic reaction?
Shock
Urticaria
Hypoxemia
Stridor
Urticaria
In the absence of IV or IO access, which route is the preferred route for the administration of epinephrine to a patient in anaphylactic shock?
Intradermal
SQ
ET
IM
IM
Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct?
Anaphylactic shock would most likely occur following initial exposure to an offending antigen.
In order to provide appropriate treatment, you must first determine what caused the allergic reaction.
In the presence of anaphylaxis, intervention takes precedence over identifying the offending antigen.
Most patients who carry a prescribed EpiPen are not completely aware of what substances they are allergic to.
In the presence of anaphylaxis, intervention takes precedence over identifying the offending antigen.
Transport of a patient in anaphylactic shock may be delayed for which of the following reasons?
A repeat set of vital signs
A secondary assessment
Epinephrine administration
12-lead ECG acquisition
Epinephrine administration
Which of the following is a common central nervous system manifestation of anaphylactic shock?
Combativeness
Anxiety
Vomiting
Hypertension
Anxiety
