Ch. 23 Respiratory System (E3)

Question 1

Oxygen uptake is for…

Answer 1

Aerobic respiration

Question 2

Carbon dioxide is removed as…

Answer 2

Waste

Question 3

The space/passageway in the nose.

Answer 3

What is the nasal cavity?

Question 4

This structure divides the nasal cavity.

Answer 4

What is the nasal septum?

Question 5

These 3 passages have nasal conchae and help increase surface area.

Answer 5

What are the superior, middle, and inferior meatuses?

Question 6

The pharynx extends from the internal { } to the { } of the larynx.

Answer 6

1) Nares
2) Epiglottis

Question 7

What type of tissue in the nasopharynx allows for filtration?

Answer 7

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (PCCE)

Question 8

What type of cells allow for mucus production in the nasopharynx?

Answer 8

Goblet cells

Question 9

The nasopharynx is { } to the nasal cavity.

Answer 9

Posterior

Question 10

The nasopharynx { } pressure between the { } and { } via the { } tube.

Answer 10

1) Equalizes
2) Pharynx
3) Middle ear
4) Pharyngotympanic

Question 11

The oropharynx extends from the end of the soft palate to the…

Answer 11

Laryngopharynx

Question 12

The laryngopharynx connects the esophagus to the…

Answer 12

Larynx

Question 13

Name the 3 parts of the pharynx.

Answer 13

1) Nasopharynx
2) Oropharynx
3) Laryngopharynx

Question 14

This laryngeal structure is made of hyaline cartilage and changes shape/size during puberty.

Answer 14

What is the thyroid cartilage (Adam’s Apple)?

Question 15

This laryngeal structure is made of elastic cartilage, opens for air, and closes for food.

Answer 15

What is the epiglottis?

Question 16

This laryngeal structure is located in the space with the vocal cords.

Answer 16

What is the glottis?

Question 17

These laryngeal structures allow for vocalization.

Answer 17

What are vocal folds (true vocal cords)?

Question 18

Air force, pitch, and frequency all have a { } correlation.

Answer 18

Direct

Question 19

The trachea divides into the…

Answer 19

Bronchi

Question 20

What is the flowchart from left & right bronchus to alveolus?

(8 steps)

Answer 20

1) Right/left bronchus
2) Lobar
3) Segmental
4) Bronchioles
5) Terminal bronchioles
6) Alveolar ducts
7) Alveolar sacs
8) Alveolus

Question 21

What is the difference between types 1 and 2 pneumocytes in the alveoli?

Answer 21

Type 1 - thin squamous epithelium devoted to gas exchange

Type 2 - secretory cells that produce surfactant

Question 22

What tissue is found in alveoli and the alveolar capillary?

Answer 22

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 23

Another term for simple squamous epithelium.

Answer 23

What is endothelium?

Question 24

What is the environmental mechanism behind pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 24

Pressure gradient established between atmosphere and alveoli causes gas exchange

Question 25

The dome-shaped organ makes up the floor of the thoracic cavity.

Answer 25

What is the diaphragm?

Question 26

This nerve innervates the diaphragm.

Answer 26

What is the phrenic nerve?

Question 27

What does the diaphragm do to expand the thoracic cavity?

Answer 27

Contract

Question 28

Contraction of the diaphragm causes it to...

Answer 28

Flatten

Question 29

Contraction of the external intercostals causes the ribcage to...

Answer 29

Expand

Question 30

Name the 3 accessory muscles that are active during labored breathing.

Answer 30

1) Sternocleidomastoid 2) Scalenes 3) Pectoralis minor

Question 31

Elastic recoil during expiration/exhalation causes the tissues of the chest wall and lungs to bounce back. What is causing this phenomenon?

Answer 31

The inward pulling of surface tension due to water polarity in the lungs

Question 32

During expiration/exhalation, the diaphragm and external intercostals...

Answer 32

Relax

Question 33

Contracting the internal intercostals allows for { } expiration.

Answer 33

Forced

Question 34

The air pressure in the lungs (alveolar pressure) is at { } pressure.

Answer 34

Atmospheric

Question 35

When the size of the thoracic cavity increases during inspiration, the intrapleural pressure...

Answer 35

Decreases

Question 36

Inspiring causes a { } in lung pressure that is { } than atmospheric pressure.

Answer 36

1) Decrease 2) Less

Question 37

What 3 things cause coughing, sneezing, and yawning?

Answer 37

1) Irritants 2) CO2 levels 3) Medulla

Question 38

During expiration/exhalation, the thoracic cavity { } in size, which causes intrapleural pressure to { }.

Answer 38

1) Decrease 2) Increase

Question 39

If alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric during inhalation, then that pressure is { } during exhalation.

Answer 39

Greater

Question 40

The measure of ventilation rates and volumes.

Answer 40

What is spirometry?

Question 41

Normal tidal volume

Answer 41

500 ml

Question 42

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 42

3000 ml

Question 43

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 43

1100 ml

Question 44

Residual volume

Answer 44

1200 ml

Question 45

Law stating that each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure independent of other gases.

Answer 45

What is Dalton's law?

Question 46

What is the formula for calculating partial pressure?

Answer 46

P(atm) * % gas in air