CH 25

Question 1

a system of mountain ranges with a rift valley between them that extends around Earth on the seafloor; formed where oceanic plates spread apart due to magma rising from Earth’s mantle.

Answer 1

Mid-ocean ridge

Question 2

long narrow depression formed in between the peaks along the mid-oceanic ridge.

Answer 2

Rift valley

Question 3

Boundary where two plated collide; produces either subduction zones or continental collisions.

Answer 3

Convergent Plate Boundary

Question 4

the movement of a dense oceanic plate under a buoyant continental plate.

Answer 4

Subduction

Question 5

the boundary between two plates that are moving apart.

Answer 5

Divergent Plate Boundary

Question 6

tectonic plate boundary in which plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions.

Answer 6

Transform Plate Boundary

Question 7

sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earth’s crust.

Answer 7

Earthquake

Question 8

crack in Earth’s crust along which rock has moved.

Answer 8

Fault

Question 9

the sudden release of strain energy from rock as it along a fault.

Answer 9

Elastic Rebound

Question 10

Point of origin for an earthquake, the point from which seismic waves originate.

Answer 10

Focus

Question 11

the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.

Answer 11

Epicenter

Question 12

Who came up with the continental drift hypothesis?

Answer 12

Alfred Wegener

Question 13

What are some evidence for the continental drift?

Answer 13

1. The coast lines matched up like a puzzle piece.
2. Mountain ranges matched up with the same rock type.
3. Fossils

Question 14

What was the super continent called?

Answer 14

Pangaea

Question 15

Who came up with the Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis?

Answer 15

Harry Hess

Question 16

How did Harry Hess discover Seafloor Spreading?

Answer 16

He used sonar

Question 17

What did Hess discover using sonar?

Answer 17

Mid-ocean ridge system, or MOR

Question 18

On the ocean floor, where is the newer rock formed?

Answer 18

Closer to the MOR

Question 19

What are the types of plate boundaries?

Answer 19

1. Divergent Boundary
2. Convergent Boundary
3. Transform Boundary

Question 20

How do Convergent Plate Boundaries move?

Answer 20

They collided together

Question 21

Subduction only happens with which type of plate boundary?

Answer 21

Convergent Plate Boundary

Question 22

What types of crust do we have?

Answer 22

1. Continental Crust

2. Oceanic Crust

Question 23

What crust has to be present for volcanic activity to occur?

Answer 23

Oceanic Crust

Question 24

If two continental crust converge what will be created?

Answer 24

A mountain

Question 25

If Oceanic and Continental crust converge what can be created?

Answer 25

A deep sea trench and volcanoes

Question 26

What can be created when two Oceanic Plates come together?

Answer 26

1. Volcanic Island | 2. Deep Sea Trench

Question 27

What do hot spots create?

Answer 27

Volcanic Islands | Ex: Hawaii

Question 28

Which plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes?

Answer 28

Divergent and transform

Question 29

Which plate boundaries have deeper earthquakes?

Answer 29

Convergent

Question 30

What are the four types of stress are applied to rocks that can cause earthquakes?

Answer 30

1. compression stress 2. a tension stress 3. a shear stress 4. torsion stress

Question 31

What are the two types of deformation?

Answer 31

1. Elastic | 2. Plastic

Question 32

What happens during elastic deformation?

Answer 32

When the stress is removed it returns to its original shape.

Question 33

What happens during plastic deformation?

Answer 33

Remains in the new shape when the stress is released.

Question 34

How many seismic waves are there?

Answer 34

There are three seismic waves. 1. primary 2. secondary 3. surface

Question 35

What are the two types of body waves?

Answer 35

1. Primary (p-waves) | 2. Secondary (s-waves)

Question 36

What type of wave is a primary wave?

Answer 36

Compression

Question 37

Which is the fastest wave?

Answer 37

Primary wave

Question 38

What type of materials do p-waves travel through?

Answer 38

Solid and liquids

Question 39

What type of wave is secondary?

Answer 39

transverse wave

Question 40

What type of martial do s-waves travel through?

Answer 40

only solids

Question 41

What type of waves do the most damage?

Answer 41

Surface waves

Question 42

What are the two scales to measure earthquakes?

Answer 42

1. Richter | 2. Mercalli

Question 43

What does the richter scale measure?

Answer 43

The amount of energy relased

Question 44

What does the Marcalli scale measure?

Answer 44

The amount of damage