CH 27.1 & 27.2

Question 1

Weathering

Answer 1

Process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on Earth’s surface.

Question 2

Soil

Answer 2

Mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life.

Question 3

Erosion

Answer 3

Removal of surface material through the process of weathering.

Question 4

Sediment Transport

Answer 4

Process of moving eroded materials from one place to another through the movement of water, ice, wind and due to gravity.

Question 5

Deposition

Answer 5

Dropping of sediment previously in transport as the erosional agent slows down, or in the case of ice, melts.

Question 6

Drainage Basin

Answer 6

Land area that gathers water for a major river or several major river systems.

Question 7

Longshore Current

Answer 7

Movement of water, and often, sediment, parallel to the shoreline.

Question 8

What is weathering?

Answer 8

The breakdown of materials on Earth’s surface.

Question 9

Do rocks weather at the same rate?

Answer 9

No they do not

Question 10

What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?

Answer 10

Rock Type & Landscape

Question 11

What are the two types of weathering?

Answer 11

Mechanical Weathering & Chemical Weathering

Question 12

What type of change happens with mechanical weathering?

Answer 12

Physical changes

Question 13

What type of change happens with chemical weathering?

Answer 13

Chemical changes

Question 14

What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering?

Answer 14

1. Frost Wedging
2. Biological Activity
3. Collisions

Question 15

What causes frost wedging?

Answer 15

What getting between the cracks of rocks and freezing.

Question 16

What is the cycle called during frost wedging?

Answer 16

Freeze-Thaw Cycles

Question 17

What causes biological activity?

Answer 17

Plant and animal activity.

Question 18

What causes weathering during collisions?

Answer 18

When rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers.

Question 19

What is soil?

Answer 19

Weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air

Question 20

What is a parent material?

Answer 20

The material from which soil forms from

Question 21

What are soil horizons?

Answer 21

The different layers of soil.

Question 22

How many soil horizons are there?

Answer 22

There are six

Question 23

True or false. All soils contain every soil horizon.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What are the specific soil horizons?

Answer 24

O, A, E, B, C, R

Question 25

What does the first soil horizon contain?

Answer 25

Organic material

Question 26

What is the second horizon mostly made up of?

Answer 26

Mostly minerals

Question 27

Which layer does leaching occur?

Answer 27

Horizon E

Question 28

Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons?

Answer 28

Horizon B

Question 29

Which layer is partially weathered bedrock?

Answer 29

Horizon C

Question 30

Which layer is unweathered bedrock?

Answer 30

Horizon R

Question 31

Which soil horizons make up the topsoil?

Answer 31

O & A

Question 32

Which soil horizons make up the subsoil?

Answer 32

E & B

Question 33

Which horizons make up the true soil?

Answer 33

O, A, E, B

Question 34

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

Answer 34

Weathering is the breakdown of materials and erosion is the removal of materials.

Question 35

As the slope of a river decreases what happens?

Answer 35

The river's speed decreases

Question 36

What are small streams that flow into larger rivers are called?

Answer 36

Tributaries

Question 37

What is land area that gathers water for a major river called?

Answer 37

Drainage Basin

Question 38

What is a boundary that separates distinct drainage basin called?

Answer 38

Drainage Divide

Question 39

Eroded surfaces that flow downhill under the influence of gravity?

Answer 39

Channels

Question 40

Young rivers are what due to the fast movement?

Answer 40

V-shaped

Question 41

What type of rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes?

Answer 41

Mature River

Question 42

When river flood and drop their sediment load, what is that land form called?

Answer 42

Flood Plains

Question 43

What are fan shape sediment deposits that will form at the mouth of a river?

Answer 43

Deltas

Question 44

What the branching channels that are created by deltas?

Answer 44

Distributaries

Question 45

What is it called when a mouth of a river or stream enters dry land?

Answer 45

Alluvial Fans

Question 46

What are the two types of glaciers?

Answer 46

Valley Glaciers & Continental Glaciers

Question 47

Where do valley glaciers form?

Answer 47

High mountainous regions

Question 48

Where do continental glaciers form?

Answer 48

Large areas in colder climates

Question 49

Where are the two continental glaciers located?

Answer 49

Greenland and Antarctica

Question 50

What is a cirque?

Answer 50

Bowl shaped basins

Question 51

What is an arete?

Answer 51

Long sharp ridge line where they erode

Question 52

What is a horn?

Answer 52

Sharpened peaks

Question 53

What do tributary glaciers create?

Answer 53

Hanging valleys

Question 54

What are tributary glaciers?

Answer 54

Small glaciers that feed into larger glaciers

Question 55

What shape of valley glaciers create?

Answer 55

U- shaped valleys

Question 56

Which side of a sand dune does an erosion occur?

Answer 56

Windward side

Question 57

Which side does deposition occur on a sand dune?

Answer 57

Leeward side

Question 58

What is the removal of small particles by wind leaving heavier particles behind?

Answer 58

Deflation

Question 59

What is it when small particles are removed the remaining surface is called?

Answer 59

Desert Pavement

Question 60

What does the shape and size of land forms depend on due to wind?

Answer 60

Wind speed, amount of time the wind blows, sediment supply

Question 61

What are three land forms created by wave erosion?

Answer 61

Coastal cliffs, sea stacks, sea arches

Question 62

What are two samples of wave deposition?

Answer 62

Sand bars & Sand spits

Question 63

What is a sand bar?

Answer 63

Land forms that are parallel to the shoreline

Question 64

What is a sand spit?

Answer 64

Sand bars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward in a hook shape.

Question 65

What is mass wasting caused by?

Answer 65

Snow, heavy rains,earthquakes, or human activity

Question 66

What are some examples of mass wasting?

Answer 66

Rock slides, Mud flows,Land slides