Ch 26 Seed Plants

Question 1

anther

Answer 1

sac-like structure at the tip of the stamen in which pollen grains are produced

Question 2

Anthophyta

Answer 2

phylum to which angiosperms belong

Question 2

barcoding

Answer 2

molecular biology technique in which one or more short gene sequences taken from a well-characterized portion of the genome is used to identify a species

Question 3

calyx

Answer 3

whorl of sepals

Question 3

basal angiosperms

Answer 3

a group of plants that probably branched off before the separation of monocots and eudicots

Question 4

carpel

Answer 4

single unit of the pistil

Question 5

conifer

Answer 5

dominant phylum of gymnosperms with the greatest variety of trees

Question 6

corolla

Answer 6

collection of petals

Question 7

cotyledon
ˌkä-tə-ˈlē-dᵊn

Answer 7

primitive leaf that develops in the zygote;
monocots have one cotyledon, and dicots have two cotyledons

Question 8

crop

Answer 8

cultivated plant

Question 9

cycad
ˈsī-kəd

Answer 9

gymnosperm that grows in tropical climates and resembles a palm tree; member of the phylum Cycadophyta

Question 10

dicot
(also, eudicot)

Answer 10

related group of angiosperms whose embryos possess two cotyledons

Question 11

dioecious
(dī-ˈē-shəs)

Answer 11

describes a species in which the male and female reproductive organs are carried on separate specimens

Question 12

fruit

Answer 12

thickened tissue derived from ovary wall that
* protects the embryo after fertilization and
* facilitates seed dispersal

Question 12

filament

Answer 12

thin stalk that links the anther to the base of the flower

Question 12

flower

Answer 12

branches specialized for reproduction found in some seed-bearing plants, containing either specialized male or female organs or both male and female organs

Question 13

ginkgophyte

Answer 13

gymnosperm with one extant species, the Ginkgo biloba: a tree with fan-shaped leaves

Question 14

gnetophyte

Answer 14

gymnosperm shrub with varied morphological features that produces vessel elements in its woody tissues;

the phylum includes the genera
* Ephedra,
* Gnetum, and
* Welwitschia

Question 15

gymnosperm

Answer 15

seed plant with naked seeds
(seeds exposed on modified leaves or in cones)

Question 16

gynoecium
(also, carpel)

Answer 16

structure that constitutes the female reproductive organ

Question 17

heirloom seed

Answer 17

seed from a plant that was grown historically, but has not been used in modern agriculture on a large scale

Question 18

herbivory

Answer 18

consumption of plants by insects and other animals

Question 19

herbaceous

Answer 19

grass-like plant noticeable by the absence of woody tissue

Question 20

integument

Answer 20

layer of sporophyte tissue that surrounds the megasporangium, and later, the embryo

Question 21

megasporocyte

Answer 21

megaspore mother cell; larger spore that germinates into a female gametophyte in a heterosporous plant

Question 22

microsporocyte

Answer 22

smaller spore that produces a male gametophyte in a heterosporous plant

Question 23

monocot

Answer 23

related group of angiosperms that produce embryos with one cotyledon and pollen with a single ridge

Question 24

nectar

Answer 24

liquid rich in sugars produced by flowers to attract animal pollinators

Question 24

ovary

Answer 24

chamber that contains and protects the ovule or female megasporangium

Question 25

monoecious

Answer 25

describes a species in which the male and female reproductive organs are on the same plant

Question 26

ovulate cone

Answer 26

cone containing two ovules per scale

Question 27

ovule

Answer 27

female gametophyte

Question 28

paraphyletic group

Answer 28

not all descendants of a single common ancestor are included in the group

Question 29

petal

Answer 29

modified leaf interior to the sepals; colorful petals attract animal pollinators

Question 30

perianth

Answer 30

part of the plant consisting of the calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals)

Question 31

pistil

Answer 31

fused group of carpels

Question 32

pollen grain

Answer 32

structure containing the male gametophyte of the plant

Question 32

pollination

Answer 32

transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma

Question 33

pollen tube

Answer 33

extension from the pollen grain that delivers sperm to the egg cell

Question 34

progymnosperm

Answer 34

transitional group of plants that resembled conifers because they produced wood, yet still reproduced like ferns

Question 35

seed

Answer 35

structure containing the embryo, storage tissue, and protective coat

Question 36

sepal

Answer 36

modified leaf that encloses the bud; outermost structure of a flower

Question 37

spermatophyte

Answer 37

seed plant; from the Greek sperm (seed) and phyte (plant)

Question 38

stamen

Answer 38

structure that contains the male reproductive organs

Question 39

stigma

Answer 39

uppermost structure of the carpel where pollen is deposited

Question 40

strobilus

Answer 40

plant structure with a tight arrangement of sporophylls around a central stalk, as seen in cones or flowers; the male strobilus produces pollen, and the female strobilus produces eggs

Question 41

style

Answer 41

long, thin structure that links the stigma to the ovary