CH 26 Sustainability Flashcards
(284 cards)
1
Q
This law was enacted to give the EPA the authority to track and regulate over 75,000 industrial chemicals produced or imported into the US. It allows the EPA to ban the manufacturer and import of those chemicals that pose an unreasonable risk
A
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976
1
Q
a product that can be grown, naturally replenished, or cleaned at a rate that exceeds human depletion of the resource is a:
A
Renewable product
2
Q
The following are ways to reduce __________ ________ : reduce the power required for lighting by designing task/ambient systems or utilizing daylighting; have the electrical engineer set up non-emergency lighting on a programmable timer that turns lighting off during non-business hours, and include a manual override capability; specify daylight -responsive controls in all occupied spaces within 15 ft of windows and under skylights; specify high-reflectance finishes to improve the brightness provided by daylighting; specify appliances and equipment that are energy efficient, if the building owner approves, specify submetering equipment to measure and record energy uses within a tenant space
A
Electricy use
2
Q
Institute for Market Transformation to Sustainability (MTS) oversees:
A
the SMaRt program
2
Q
Scrap or trim materials generated in manufacturing process that have been recovered or derived from solid waste
are called:
A
post industrial (or pre consumer) materials
2
Q
ASTM D6670, Standard Practice for Full-Scale Chamber Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products details:
A
the method to be used to determine the VOC emissions from building materials, furniture, consumer products, and equipment under environmental and product usage conditions that are typical of those found in office and residential buildings. Standard way to determine the level of VOC emissions.
3
Q
maintaining health is an important aspect of sustainable design. The air can affect peoples sense of well-being .
A
Indoor air quality (IAQ)
4
Q
Post consumer, post industrial, recovered is called:
A
Recycled content
5
Q
an independent, nonprofit organization that strives to achieve a more sustainable world by promoting environmentally responsible production, purchasing, and products.
A
Green Seal
5
Q
Glass fiber insulation can contain:
A
30% post consumer recycled glass
5
Q
Negatives of sisal wallcovering?
A
Rough and not suitable for wet areas
6
Q
This process provides the methodology to evaluate the environmental impact of using a particular material or product in a building.
A
Life-cycle assessment (LCA)
7
Q
ASHRAE Standard 62-2001, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality is an industry standard and, as such complianced is __________. In addition to setting minimum outdoor air requirements for ventilation, the standards includes provisions for managing sources of contamination, controlling indoor humidity, and filtering building air, as well as requirements for HVAC system construction and startup, and operation and maintenance of systems.
A
Voluntary
7
Q
CRI is the:
A
Carpet and Rug Institute (pg 4-12)
8
Q
Plastic derived from hardested corn that is biodegradable. Used in carpet fibers.
A
Polylactide
9
Q
This law was enacted to give the EPA the authority to track and regulate over 75,000 industrial chemicals produced or imported into the US. It allows the EPA to ban the manufacturer and import of those chemicals that pose an unreasonable risk
A
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976
10
Q
a British organization that provides research-based consultancy, testing, and certification services covering all aspects of the built environment and associated industries
A
Building Research Establishment (BRE)
11
Q
Program of the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy to provide tools and resources to assist architects, business owners, and others involved in the building process to design, build, commission and manage projects in ways that save energy.
A
Energy Star (4-2)
11
Q
What are the 2 negatives to ceramic tile in regard to sustainability?
A
- High embodied energy required to produce 2. Transportation costs to get it from the factory to job site (pg 4-13)
13
Q
a national consensus-based building rating system designed to accelerate the development and implementation of green building practices. There are 4 possible certifications levels; certified, silver, gold,and platinum. There are rating systems for commercial interiors, new construction, existing buildings, core and shell development, homes, and neighborhood development.
A
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
14
Q
a national coalition of leaders from all aspects of the building industry working to promote buildings that are environmentally responsible and profitable and that provide healthy places to live and work is tcalled the:
A
US Green Building Council
15
Q
CPSC stands for:
A
Consumer Product Safety Commission
16
Q
type of plastic that allows polyolefins to be precisely manufactured to have specific properties
A
Metallocene polyolefins
16
Q
Program that promotes the marketplace visibility of sustainable products, services and organizations.
A
UL Environment: a program of the Underwriters Laboratories
16
Pour in insulation, acosutic finishes, fire protection, sound deadening are all uses for:
Vermiculite
16
Nonprofit organization devoted to encouraging responsible management of worlds forests
Forest Stewardship Council
17
What is recycled wood from old buildings or structures that has been salvaged and prepared for a new use
Reclaimed wood
17
What types of products should be examined for VOC content?
Adhesives, sealants, paints and coatings, carpet systems, composite wood and laminate adhesives, systems furniture & seating
17
3 classifications (ailments) of poor IAQ are:
(1) Sick building syndrome (2) Building Related Illnesses (3) Multiple chemical sensitivities
17
This rule implements part of the Clean Air Act and sets limits on the amount of volatile organic compounds that manufacturers and importers architectural coatings can put into their products
National VOC Emission Standards for Architectural Coatings (40 CFR Part 59)
18
a nonprofit, industry-independent organization that oversees the Greenguard Certification Program
Greenguard Environmental Institute
19
Sustainability of Concrete...
Requires substantial energy to produce, however has a long life and can be recycled as crushed aggregate. Does not emit any pollutants (except with some admixtures). Sustainability increases with the use of fly ash, which is a waste material coal plants.
19
Made by slicing readily available fast-growing trees into veneers, dyeing the veneer, and then gluig them together to create an artificial log. Log sliced to produce a variety of veneers
composite wood veneer
20
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (US Environmental Protection Agency does what?
implements part of the Clean Air Act
20
This rule implements part of the Clean Air Act and sets limits on the amount of volatile organic compounds that manufacturers and importers architectural coatings can put into their products
National VOC Emission Standards for Architectural Coatings (40 CFR Part 59)
20
Canada Green Building Council (CaGBC)
Canada's version of LEED
20
Main source of synthetic gypsum in North America
Flue-gas desulfurization - process whereby power-generating plants remove polluting gases from their stacks to reduce emissions of harmful materials into the atmosphere. (pg 4-14)
22
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can be used to manufacture:
carpet with properties similar to polyesters
22
What is phase 3 of the Life-Cycle assessment?
Impact assessment which attempts to characterize the effects of the processes found in phase 2 in terms of their impacts on the environment. (pg 4-7)
22
a national consensus-based building rating system designed to accelerate the development and implementation of green building practices. There are 4 possible certifications levels; certified, silver, gold,and platinum. There are rating systems for commercial interiors, new construction, existing buildings, core and shell development, homes, and neighborhood development.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
24
Water conservation products should:
reduce water consumption in a building and in landscaping
24
Made from volcanic rock expanded by heat. And lightweight aggregate
Perlite
25
ASTM E2114
Standard Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Performance of Buildings
26
design the tenants portion of the HVAC to conform to th ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, or the local energy code. whichever is more stringent; do not use any mechanical system components for the tenant space that includes CFC-based refrigerants; if possible, use displacement ventilation are
Actions the id can take to reduce energy consumption with mechanical systems
26
C2C
(MBDC) Cradle to Cradle (pg 4-5)
27
3 major considerations for sustainability when using carpet
1. raw-material use 2. raw-material disposal 3. indoor air quality
28
What plastics are better to specify?
Compostable; like Polyethylene terephthalate or PET (soft-drink containers) pg 4-11
29
Standard Practice for Data Collection for Sustainability Assessment of Building Products
ASTM E2129
29
product standard for paints
Green Seal GS-11
30
This rule limits the VOC content of architectural coatings used in the South Coast Air Quality Management District in California. Rule 1168 limits the VOC content of adhesives and sealants.
South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings
30
Made from denim scrap material. Low embodied energy
Cotton Insulation
31
evaluates the performance of buildings in the areas of management, energy use, health and well being, pollution, transportation, land use, ecology, materials, and water use.
BREEAM
33
International Standards Organization (ISO)
a nongovernmental organization comprised of natioanl standards bodies fro over 120 countries
34
3 types of adhesives
1. Dry adhesives - contain resins stored in capsules released by pressure 2. Water-based adhesives - contain latex or polyvinyl acetate 3. Natural adhesives - contain plant resins in a water dispersion system (pgs 4-11 and 4-12)
34
Spray on cellulose
should contain 75% post consumer recovered paper
35
What can be made from recycled materials such as tire rubber and synthetic and natural fiber from textile mill waste?
Carpet padding (pg 4-12)
36
CHPS
Collaborative for High Performance Schools (pg 4-2)
36
Benefits of using more durable materials:
Even though the initial cost may be higher more durable materials should be looked at in the total life cycle cost. Because of higher maintenance or disposal cost the long term cost may be lower than a less durable material.
38
Low toxicity
Materials should be selected that emit few or no harmful gases such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), formaldehyde, and others listed on the EPA's list of hazardous substances
39
ISO 14020
a set of principles that must be followed by any practitioner of environmental labeling
40
ASTM E1991
Standard Guide for Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Building Materials/Products
41
What problems are not categorized in the basic three classifications for symptoms of poor indoor air quality?
Problems with asbestos, led and radon are serious, long-term problems (pg 4-20)
42
Benefits of Bamboo?
Hard and twice as stable as red oak or maple (pg 4-13)
42
What are some of the benefits of linoleum?
Durable, biodegradable, waterproof, fire resistant, naturally antibacterial and does not generate static electricity. (pg 4-13)
43
Green Seal GS-13
product standard for windows
44
contains 70% post consume paper waste, loose filled form. Low embodied energy.
Cellulose insulation
45
ASTM D6670, Standard Practice for Full-Scale Chamber Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
details the method to be used to determine the VOC emissions from building materials, furniture, consumer products, and equipment under environmental and product usage conditions that are typical of those found in office and residential buildings. Standard way to determine the level of VOC emissions.
46
Standard Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Performance of Buildings
ASTM E2114
47
What are the two new developments in plastics?
1. Bioplastics - a biodegradable plastic derived from harvested corn 2. Metallocene pholyolefins - can replace other more harmful plastics as they are manufactured to have the specific properties of the more harmful plastics (pg 4-11)
47
What refrigerants should not be used in mechanical systems?
CFC-based (pg 4-16)
50
Scientific Certification Systems (SCS)
a private organization established to advance both public and private sectors toward more environmentally sustainable policies
51
Use and Maintenance
installation or construction of the product into the building; long-term use of the product throughout its life of the building's; maintenance and repair of the product throughout its life
51
The building systems that require commissioning depend on the complexity of the building and the needs of the owner. May include...
Mechanical systems, including heating and cooling equipment, air handling equipment, distribution system, pumps, sensors and controls, dampers, and cooling tower operation; electrical systems, including switchgear, controls, emergency generators, fire management, and safety systems; plumbing systems, including tanks, pumps, water heaters, compressors,, and fixtures; sprinkle systems, including standpipes, alarms, hose cabinets, and controls; fire management and life safety systems, including alarms and detectors, air handling equipment, smoke dampers, and building communication; vertical transportation, including elevator controls and escalators; telecommunications and computer networks
52
How do you get an Energy Star label?
After one year's worth of energy performance is obtained, the project's energy use is compared with other similar facilities on a scale of 1-100. Scoring 75 and over will achieve the label. (pg 4-2)
52
Positive to ceramic tile?
1. Natural material 2. Durable 3. Produces practically no harmful emissions 4. Requires very little maintenance (pg 4-13)
52
Spray application fireproofing asbestos was banned in
1973
53
The heat needed to produce a change of state in a material (melting ice). It does NOT heat the surroundings.
Latent Heat
54
Criteria for Evaluating Building Materials: Criteria of Renewable materials
material is sustainable if it comes from sources that can renew themselves within a fairly short time. (examples wool carpets, bamboo flooring and paneling, straw board...etc) pg 4-8
54
What does ANSI.ASHRAE.IESNA Standard 90.1 refer to?
Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (or local building code, whichever is more stringent)
55
ASTM D6803
used for testing paint using small environmental chambers
57
ISO 14024
covers labeling programs and specifies the procedures and principles that third party certifiers, or ecolabelers, must follow
58
Plumbing
specify low flow fixtures and other strategies to reduce water consumption
59
The material or product should require as little energy as possible for its extraction as a raw material, initial processing, and subsequent manufacture or fabrication into a finished building product.
Criteria of Embodied energy
61
Greenguard Environmental Institute
tests products following ASTM Standards D5116 and D6670, the EPA's testing protocol for furniture, and the State of Washington's protocol for interior furnishings and construction materials.
61
Process of inspecting, testing, starting up, and adjusting building systems and then verifying and documenting that they are operating as intended and meet the design criteria of contract documents.
Building commissioning (pg 4-15)
62
Fluegas desulfurization
the main source of synthetic gypsum in North America. The process whereby power power generating plants (and similar plants remove polluting gases from their stacks to reduce emission of harmful materials into the atmosphere
63
Good raw materials?
polyester and nylon-blended carpet made from recycled soft-drink containers (PET) or wool (pg 4-12)
64
Establishes criteria in four areas: energy, human and ecosystem health, natural resources, and corporate social responsibility.
BIFMA e3-2008, Furniture Sustainability Standard (pg 4-3)
65
Bagasse
the residue from the processing of sugar cane
66
Products are certified at one of four levels in SMaRT
Sustainable, Sustainable Silver, Sustainable gold and Sustainable Platinum (pg 4-5)
67
product standard for windows
Green Seal GS-13
69
4 broad categories to reduce energy consumption?
1. Building Commissioning 2. Mechanical systems 3. Electricity use 4. Plumbing (pg 4-15)
70
has a voluntary testing program under which manufacturers have their carpet tested by an independent agency for four emissions types: total VOC, styrene, formaldhyde, and 4-phenylcyclohexene (4-PC)
Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI)
71
What does PLA stand for?
Polylactide, which is a biodegradable plastic derived from corn.
72
a hydrated laminar magnesium-aluminum-ironsilicate that resembles mica. Some obtained from a mine in Montana is known to contain some amount of asbestos. Some attic insulation may contain asbestos as well.
Vermiculite
73
Renewable materials
A material is sustainable if it come from sources that can renew themselves within a fairly short time.
74
4 categories for which an Interior Designer can implement to maintain good Indoor air quality
1. Eliminate or reduce the sources of pollution 2. Control the ventilation of the building 3. Establish good maintenance procedures 4. Control occupant activity as it affects indoor air quality
75
Suggests how to reduce the environmental impact of all the raw materials, energy, and processing required to produce the product or construction activity.
Improvement Analysis
76
What are the four emissions from carpet that the CRI tests for?
1. Total VOC 2. Styrene 3. Formaldehyde 4. 4-phenycyclohexene (4-PC)
76
NESHAP stands for:
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
78
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
an international body that oversees the development of national and regional standards based on basic forest management principles and criteria
79
What label can carpet carry after passing the CRI test?
Green Label Plus (pg 4-12)
80
BIFMA
The Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association (pg 4-3)
81
an international body that oversees the development of national and regional standards based on basic forest management principles and criteria
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
82
A voluntary industry standard that gives information on minimum energy efficiency standards; building enevelope requirements; zone isolation; floor, ceiling, and roof insulation; and powerallowance calculation. It is written in mandatory enforceable language suitable for code adoption.
ASHRAE Standard 90.1, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
84
California Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65)
This law prohibits businesses from discharging chemicals that cause cancer or reproductive harm into sources of drinking water and requires that warning be given to such chemicals.
85
The ability of a previously used material to be used as a resource in the manufacturer of a new product
Recyclablility
86
Methylene-diphenyl isocyanate (MDI)
resins that does not emit toxic gasses during use and requires less dryer energy and lower press temperatures than do traditional binders
87
SMaRT
Sustainable Materials Rating Technology (pg 4-5)
89
Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
This document gives exposure limits for chemicals in the workplace, called threshold limit values (TLVs)
89
What does MCS stand for?
Multiple chemical sensitivity
90
Criteria of Embodied energy
The material or product should require as little energy as possible for its extraction as a raw material, initial processing, and subsequent manufacture or fabrication into a finished building product.
91
What type of ventilation should be used if possible?
Diplacement ventilation - air distribution system in which supply air originates at floor level and rises to return-air grilles in the ceiling, because supply is delivered closer to users so does not have to be cooled as much, and removes heat generated by ceiling-level lights and improve indoor air quality as systems use a large amount of outdoor air. (pg 4-13)
93
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
a mixture if the smoke given off by the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar and the smoke exhaled from the lungs of amokers
93
Independent Charitable organization dedicated to promoting sustainable forest management
Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) pg 4-6
93
What is phase 2 of the Life-Cycle assessment?
Inventory analysis-often the most difficult part because it involves determining and quantifying all of the inputs and outputs of the product under study. (pg 4-7)
93
referring to materials generated in manufacturing processes, (trimmings or scrap) that have been recovered or diverted from solid waster. Also called Post-consumer materials.
Post-industrial
95
Criteria for Evaluating Building Materials
Embodied Energy, Renewable Materials, Recycled Content, Energy Efficiency, Use of local materials, Durability, Low VOCs, Low Toxicity, Moisture Problems, Water Conservations, Maintainability, Potential for reuse and recycling, Reusability
96
Low volatile organic compound (VOC) content
LEED credits are given for using low-emitting materials, including adhesives and sealants, paints and coatings, carpet systems, composite wood and laminate adhesives, and systems furniture and seating
97
ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2003, Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings
A voluntary industry standard. Defines the roles of and minimum requirements for mechanical and natural ventilation systems as well as the building enevelope.
98
Used as infill in structural insulated panels
Compressed Straw
100
Green Seal GS-11
product standard for paints
101
sealing cracks in floors, walls,and foundat.ions; venting the soil outside the foundation wall; depressurizing the voids within block wall foundation (block wall depressurization); ventilating the crawl space with a fan (crawl-space depressurization); using a vent pipe without a fan to draw air from under a slab to the outside (passive sub-slab depressurization); using a fan-powered vent to draw air from below the slab (active sub-slab depressurization); using a fan-powered vent to draw air from below a membrane laid on the crawl-space floor (sub-membrane depressurization)
Remedial work should follow the radon mitigation standards of the EPA and can include...
103
The following strategies can be used to improve sustainability through the selection and specifications of furnishings
Use refurbished or previously used office furniture; consider using furniture made from steel, solid wood, and glass, which are all materials that can be readily recycled; Specify that furniture can be fabricated with wood certified under standards established by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) or with reclaimed wood, require that furniture be fabricated with formaldehyde free MDF or strawboard; use furniture with cushions, workstation panels, and fabrics made with recycled PET from soda bottles; look for fabrics with biodegradable and nontoxic dyes; use finish coverings for furniture made of cotton, wool, ramie, blends, or other natural materials, use chemical free organic cotton fabrics; use low VOC finishes; use powder coatings for finishes instead of standard paint
103
South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings
This rule limits the VOC content of architectural coatings used in the South Coast Air Quality Management District in California. Rule 1168 limits the VOC content of adhesives and sealants.
104
Chemical contaminants examples?
VOCs, inorganic chemicals, tobacco smoke and many others (pg 4-17)
105
measures the formaldehyde concentration in air and the emission rate from wood products in a large chamber under conditions designed to simulate product use.
ASTM E1333, Standard Test for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air and Emissions Rates from Wood Products Using a Large Chamber
106
Sustainability of Aluminum
Most aluminum is recycled up to 20% or more.
107
LEED offers rating systems for?
commercial interiors, new construction, existing buildings, core and shell development, homes and neighborhood development. (pg 4-2)
108
What type of metal coating should not be used because it produces high levels of pollution and byproducts?
Electroplating
109
What are volatile organic compounds?
Chemicals that contain carbon and hydrogen and that vaporize at room temperature and pressure
111
Certified wood products
those that use wood obtained through sustainable forest management practices
111
Voluntary testing program for carpet, cushion and adhesive that conforms to the standards of the Collaborative for High Performance Schools.
Green Label Plus program (Carpet and Rug Institute) pg 4-4
112
Two broad classifications for indoor air contaminants are?
Chemical and biological contaminants (pg 4-17)
112
describes the equipment and techniques suitable for determining organic emissions from small samples of indoor materials.
ASTM D5116, Standard Guide for Small Scale Environmental Chamber Determination of Organic Emissions from Indoor Material/Products
112
Made from products with a cycle of 10 years or less. -eg: wool, bamboo, straw, cotton, linoleum, poplar, sunflower seed, wheatgrass.
Renewable materials
113
What is phase 1 of the Life-Cycle assessment?
To determine the purpose and goals of doing the study (pg 4-7)
115
Life-cycle assessment (LCA)
provides the methodology to evaluate the environmental impact of using a particular material or product in a building.
116
Ratings awarded by the BREEAM?
Good, Very Good, Excellent and certificate included (pg 4-3)
117
ASTM D5116, Standard Guide for Small Scale Environmental Chamber Determination of Organic Emissions from Indoor Material/Products
describes the equipment and techniques suitable for determining organic emissions from small samples of indoor materials.
118
the process of inspecting, testing, starting up, and adjusting building systems and then verifying and documenting that they are operating as intended and meet the design criteria of the contract documents
Building commissioning
119
What does FCS stand for?
Forest Stewardship Council
120
ASHRAE Standard 90.1, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
A voluntary industry standard that gives information on minimum energy efficiency standards; building enevelope requirements; zone isolation; floor, ceiling, and roof insulation; and powerallowance calculation. It is written in mandatory enforceable language suitable for code adoption.
121
Greenguard Environmental Institute
a nonprofit, industry-independent organization that oversees the Greenguard Certification Program
123
Manufacturing
conversion of processed raw materials into useful products; manufacturing or fabrication of materials into the final product; packaging of the product; transportation of the finished product to the job site
124
Three groups the FSC currently accredits
SmartWood Program of the Rainforest Alliance, the Forest Conservation Program of Scientific Certification Systems (SCS), and SGS's Systems and Services Certification
124
referring to a material or product that has served its intended use and has been diverted or recovered from waste destined for disposal, having completed its life as a consumer item.
Post-consumer
125
waster or by-products that have been recovered or diverted from solid-waste disposal. The term does not apply to materials that are generated from or reused within an original manufacturing process
Recovered materials
126
What is REL?
Reference Exposure Level in regard to chemical exposure
128
4 basic causes of poor Indoor air quality?
1. Chemical contaminants from indoor sources 2. Chemical contaminants from outdoor sources 3. Biological contaminants 4. Poor ventilation (pg 4-19)
129
This law prohibits businesses from discharging chemicals that cause cancer or reproductive harm into sources of drinking water and requires that warning be given to such chemicals.
California Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65)
130
mixtures of synthetic organic chemicals with physical states ranging from oily liquids to waxy solids. Used in commercial and industrial appliactions. Known to cause cancerand other adverse health effects afflicting the immune system, reproductive system, nervous system, and endocrine system.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
131
Criteria for Evaluating Building Materials: Criteria of Energy Efficiency
Materials, products, and assemblies should reduce the energy consumption in a building (pg 4-8)
132
a British organization that provides research-based consultancy, testing, and certification services covering all aspects of the built environment and associated industries
Building Research Establishment (BRE)
133
a colorless, odorless, tasteless, naturally occurring radioactive gas found in soils, rock, and water throughout the world. Causes lung cancer.
Radon
134
A program of the EPA that helps consumers identify water efficient programs and products with this label
WaterSense (pg 4-6)
134
Web based database developed by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) to allow manufacturers to self-report sustainability properties of their products using a standard questionnaire format.
GreenFormat (pg 4-5)
135
What are the two big problems with vinyl flooring?
1. Requires highly refined petrochemicals for its manufacture 2. Contains a large percentage of ployvinyl chloride (PVC)
136
Which five categories or reported in the GreenFormat?
1. Background information 2.Product details 3. Product lifecycle 4. Additional information 5. Authorization (pg 4-3)
137
Bio-Plastics
1. Polylactide 2. Metallocene Polyolefins
138
How is most carpet made?
By bonding the face fiber to a backing with a synthetic latex resin (pg 4-12)
139
a wide range of products including engineered wood
Sustainable or alternate materials
140
4 reasons carpet disposal is a problem?
1. Quantity put in landfills 2. Does not decompose easily 3. Difficulty of separating the various components for recycling 4. Costs of recycling compared with landfill disposal (pg 4-12)
141
US Green Building Council
a national coalition of leaders from all aspects of the building industry working to promote buildings that are environmentally responsible and profitable and that provide healthy places to live and work
143
This organization developed "Model Green Home Building Guidelines" and companion publications, resources on green building products and practices.
National Association of Home Builders (pg 4-2)
145
Sick building syndrome (SBS)
a condition in which building occupants experience a variety of health-related systems that cannot be directly linked to any particular cause
146
used for testing paint using small environmental chambers
ASTM D6803
147
Green Globes
Green building guidance and assessment program a product of the GBI, achieve a rating of 1-4 globes (pg 4-2)
148
What is linoleum made out of?
Natural, renewable products including linseed oil, rosin, cork powder, and pigments. (pg 4-13)
149
ASTM E1333, Standard Test for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air and Emissions Rates from Wood Products Using a Large Chamber
measures the formaldehyde concentration in air and the emission rate from wood products in a large chamber under conditions designed to simulate product use.
150
natural material made from fibers of the henequen plant
Sisal wall covering
151
Durability
will last longer and generally require less maintenance over the life of a product or building
152
What does TAB stand for?
Testing, Adjusting and Balancing
154
Use of local materials
Using locally produced materials reduces transportation costs and can add to the regional character of a design.
155
BRE Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM)
a method of reviewing and improving the environmental performance of buildings.
155
Building related illness (BRI)
a condition in which the health-related symptoms of a building occupants are identified and can be directly attributed to certain building contaminants
155
NAHB awarded ratings are?
Bronze, Silver or Gold (pg 4-2)
157
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS)
a condition brought on by exposure to VOCs or other chemicals
158
NAHB
National Association of Home Builders (a green building standard) pg 4-2
159
Plastic derived from hardested corn that is biodegradable. Used in carpet fibers.
Polylactide
161
LEED stands for?
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (pg 4-1)
162
Four basic causes of poor IAQ
chemical contaminants from indoor sources, chemical contaminants from outdoor sources, biological contaminants, and poor ventilation
164
Biological contaminants examples?
mold, pollen, bacteria and viruses (pg 4-17)
166
Disposal
demolition of the product used in the building; conversion of the waste into other useful products; waste disposal of the product; reuse or recycling of the product if not disposed of or converted
167
Why is cork flooring renewable?
Made from bark of cork oak trees which regenerate every 9 to 10 years. (pg 4-13)
168
Raw material acquisition
acquisition of raw materials and energy from mining, drilling, or other activities; processing of raw materials; transportation of raw materials to processing points
170
BIFMA maintains which two ANSI-approved standards for volatile organic compound emissions from office furniture?
ANSI BIFMA M7.1 and ANSI/BIFMA X7.1 (pg 4-3)
172
National Coalition of leaders from all aspects of the building industry working to promote buildings that are environmentally responsible and profitable that provide healthy places to live and work.
USGBC (pg 4-1)
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In order for vinyl flooring to be LEED certified it must be compliant with?
the FloorScore standard (pg 4-12)
175
Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1970
law that regulates air emissions from area, stationary, and mobile sources
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What are the three classifications for symptoms of poor indoor air quality?
1. Sick-building syndrome 2. Building-related illnesses 3. Multiple Chemical sensitivities (pg 4-20)
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Standard for Formaldehyde and TVOC Emissions of Low-Emitting office furniture systems and seating.
ANSI/BIFMA X7.1 (pg 4-3)
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Rubber flooring problems are a problem because?
They can give off indoor pollutants (pg 4-13)
180
What does SCS stand for?
Scientific Certification Systems
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Reusability
A product should be reusuable after it has served its purpose in the original building
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1-Forest management practices must respect all applicable laws of the country in which they occur and must comply with FSC principles and criteria. 2-Long-term tenure and use rights to the land and forests must be defined, documented, and legally established 3-The rights of indigenous peoples to own, use, and manage their land must be recognized and respected 4-Forest management practices and operationsmust maintain or enhance the long-term social and economic well-being of workers and local communities 5-Forest management must encourage the efficient use of the forest's products to ensure economic viability and environmental and social benefits 6-Forest management must conserve biological diversity, water resources, soils, ecosystems, and landscapes to maintain the ecological functions of the forest 7-A management plan must be written, implemented, and maintained 8-Monitoring must be conducted to assess the condition of the forest, yields, chain of custody, and management activities and their social and environmental impacts 9-Management activities in high conservation value forests must maintain or enhance the attributes that define such forests 10-Plantations must folow the first nine principles and the criteria that apply to plantations
FSC 10 principles
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Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI)
has a voluntary testing program under which manufacturers have their carpet tested by an independent agency for four emissions types: total VOC, styrene, formaldhyde, and 4-phenylcyclohexene (4-PC)
184
Potential for reuse and recycling
Some materials and more products are more readily recycled than others
185
Green building guidance and assessment program a product of the GBI, achieve a rating of 1-4 globes (pg 4-2)
Green Globes
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Because vinyl flooring contains high concentrations of \_\_\_\_\_\_, hazardous substances can be given off if incinerated.
Chloride (pg 4-12)
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What does IAQ stand for?
Indoor air quality
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the condition of being able to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the needs of future generations
Sustainable
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Vermiculite is made from:
mica
191
Characterizes the effects of the processes found in the inventory analysis in terms of their impacts on the environment.
Impact Assessment
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Maintainability
Materials and products should be able to be cleaned and otherwise maintained with only nontoxic or low-VOC substances
193
BIFMA has also developed a standard \_\_\_\_\_, Furniture Sustainability Standard.
BIFMA e3-2008 (pg 4-3)
194
are chemical or biological substances that pose a threat to the environment or to human health if released or misused.
Hazardous materials
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BIFMA products can achieve what rating levels?
Silver, Gold or Platinum (pg 4-3)
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Demand control ventilation
a system designed to adjust the amount of ventilation air provided to a space, based on the extent of occupancy. THe system normally uses carbon dioxide sensors but may also use occupancy sensors or air quality sensors.
197
ISO 14000
a collection of standards and guidelines that cover issues such as peformance, product standards, labeling, environmental management, and life-cycle assessment as they relate to the environment
197
ISO 14040
covers requirements for life-cycle assessments.
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Four phases of an LCA
1-determine the purpose of the goals of doing the study 2-inventory analysis, involves determining and quantifying all of the inputs and outputs of the product under study 3-the impact phase attempts to characterize the effects of the processes found in the inventory analysis in terms of their impacts on the environment 4- the improvement analysis phase provides suggestions on how to reduce the environmental impact of all the raw materials, energy, and processing required for the product or construction activity
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a marketable by-product from a process that can include materials traditionally considered to be waste but that can be used as raw materials in a different manufacturing process.
Coproduct
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Polyactide (PLA)
a biodegradable plastic derived from harvested corn
202
Possible certification levels of LEED
certified, silver, gold and platinum (pg 4-2)
204
What are some products that can be used as alternates to new wood materials?
Engineered wood products, laminated veneer lumber, panel products that use waste material (particle board or MDF)
205
Benefits of sisal wallcovering?
1. Durable 2. Low maintenance 3. reduces sound reflection and transmission (pg 4-14)
206
Moisture problems
materials should be selected that prevent or resist the growth of biological contaminants
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ASTM E2129
Standard Practice for Data Collection for Sustainability Assessment of Building Products
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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
are chemicals that contain carbon and hydrogen and that vaporize at room temperature and pressure
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Criteria for Evaluating Building Materials: Criteria of Durability
last longer and genrally require less maintenance over the life of a product or building. (pg 4-8)
211
NAHB guidlines include seven areas
1. lot design 2. Resource efficiency 3. Energy efficiency 4. Water efficiency 5. Indoor Environmental Quality 6. Homeowner Education 7. Global impact (pg 4-2)
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Volatile organic compounds are?
chemicals that contain carbon and hydrogen and that vaporize at room temperature and pressure. (pg 4-17)
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One of the basic requirements of health is good indoor air quality.
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
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Program that tests and certifies hard-surface flooring products for compliance with strict indoor air quality requirements in California.
FloorScore (of the Resilient Floor Covering Institute) pg 4-4
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Standard Guide for Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Building Materials/Products
ASTM E1991
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Commissioning is an expansion of?
traditional testing, adjusting and balancing (TAB) but with greatly broadened scope over a longer time period (pg 4-15)
217
Bamboo is?
fast-growing grass that reaches maturity in 3 to 4 years (pg 4-13)
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the ability of a previously used material to be used as a resource in the manufacturing of a new product.
Recyclability
220
GBI stands for?
Green Building Initiative (pg 4-2)
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What are 2 alternatives to electroplating for finishing metal?
(1) Powder coatings (2) Plastic polymer coatings
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VOC
Volatile Organic Compounds (pg 4-4)
224
What two types of product certification does the C2C program offer?
1. C2C technical/biological nutrient certification, which certifies a material can be continually resued as either a biological or technical nutrient 2. C2C product certification, which is a three-tiered classification of silver, gold or platinum based on criteria of materials, nutrient reutilization, energy, water and social responsibility. (pg 4-5)
225
Green Building rating system that is a national, consensus-based building rating system designed to accelerate the development and implementation of green building practices.
LEED (pg 4-1)
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Determining and quantifying all the inputs and outputs of the product under study.
Inventory Analysis
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an independent, nonprofit organization that strives to achieve a more sustainable world by promoting environmentally responsible production, purchasing, and products.
Green Seal
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Products made with either plant or animal materials as the main ingredient are called:
Biobased products
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What is the disadvantage to cork?
It is imported from Mediterranean countries, increasing the transportation energy required (pg 4-13)
231
This test is used to determine size of leaching field
Percolation Test, which tests permeability
232
TSCA stands for:
Toxic Substance Control Act of 1976
233
LEED was developed by what organization?
U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) pg 4-1
234
tests products following ASTM Standards D5116 and D6670, the EPA's testing protocol for furniture, and the State of Washington's protocol for interior furnishings and construction materials.
Greenguard Environmental Institute
235
Criteria for Evaluating Building Materials: Criteria of Recycled content
The ore recycled content the less raw materials and energy required to process the raw materials into a final product. Each should be considered: Post-consumer materials, Post-industial materials and recovered materials. (pg 4-8)
236
a highly toxic metal that was once used in variety of consumer and industrial products. Can cause damage to the brain and nervous system, slowed growth, behavior problems, seizures, and death (children.). In adults, in can cause digestive and reproductive problems, nerve disorders, muscle and joint pain, and difficulties during pregnancy.
Lead
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What are 3 sustainable strategies that Interior Designers can use in regard to wood sustainability?
(1) Using reclaimed wood (2) Specifying sustainable or alternate materials (3) Using certified wood products
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Sustainability of Steel
Often recycled as scrap to produce more steel. Most steel is recycled up to 30%.
241
Recycled content
The more recycled content a material has, the less raw material and energy are required to process the raw materials into a final product.
242
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
used in vinyl flooring and can cause environmental problems during manufacture and disposal
243
a system designed to adjust the amount of ventilation air provided to a space, based on the extent of occupancy. THe system normally uses carbon dioxide sensors but may also use occupancy sensors or air quality sensors.
Demand control ventilation
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an air distribution system in which supply air originates at floor level and rises to return air grilles in the ceiling.
Displacement ventilation
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Remedial work should follow the radon mitigation standards of the EPA and can include...
sealing cracks in floors, walls,and foundat.ions; venting the soil outside the foundation wall; depressurizing the voids within block wall foundation (block wall depressurization); ventilating the crawl space with a fan (crawl-space depressurization); using a vent pipe without a fan to draw air from under a slab to the outside (passive sub-slab depressurization); using a fan-powered vent to draw air from below the slab (active sub-slab depressurization); using a fan-powered vent to draw air from below a membrane laid on the crawl-space floor (sub-membrane depressurization)
247
What does LCA stand for ?
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
249
In regard to recycling what should be true of any coating applied to metal surfaces?
It should be easily removable
250
Displacement ventilation
an air distribution system in which supply air originates at floor level and rises to return air grilles in the ceiling.
252
What is adaptive reuse?
Reusing existing buildings and materials from buildings a much as possible
253
What can replace the latex in the making of carpet?
Fusion bonding in which a face fiber is heat-welded to a sponge plastic backing. (pg 4-12)
254
Use refurbished or previously used office furniture; consider using furniture made from steel, solid wood, and glass, which are all materials that can be readily recycled; Specify that furniture can be fabricated with wood certified under standards established by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) or with reclaimed wood, require that furniture be fabricated with formaldehyde free MDF or strawboard; use furniture with cushions, workstation panels, and fabrics made with recycled PET from soda bottles; look for fabrics with biodegradable and nontoxic dyes; use finish coverings for furniture made of cotton, wool, ramie, blends, or other natural materials, use chemical free organic cotton fabrics; use low VOC finishes; use powder coatings for finishes instead of standard paint
The following strategies can be used to improve sustainability through the selection and specifications of furnishings
256
What does post consumer mean?
Material or product that has served its intended use and has been recovered from waste destined for disposal
257
Membership association composed of public, private and nonprofit organizations with a goal to increase the energy efficiency of schools in California and improve California's quality of education.
Collaborative for High Performance Schools (pgs 4-2 and 4-3)
258
By-products of manufacturing processes which can be integrated into other products.
Post-industrial materials
259
a private organization established to advance both public and private sectors toward more environmentally sustainable policies
Scientific Certification Systems (SCS)
260
What is the green label for carpet?
CRI IAQ
261
Energy efficiency
Materials, products, and assemblies should reduce the energy consumption in a building
262
Identifies sustainable products based on awarding points in the areas of (1) safety for public health and environment; (2) energy reduction and renewable energy materials; (3) company and facility requirements; (4) biobased or recycled materials use; and (5) reuse, reclamation, and end-of-life management.
SMaRT (pg 4-5)
264
Materials, products, and assemblies should reduce the energy consumption in a building
Energy efficiency
265
ACM stands for:
Asbestos Containing Materials
266
Standard Test Method for Determining VOC Emissions from Office Furniture Systems, Components and Seating
ANSI/BIFMA M7.1 (pg 4-3)
267
law that regulates air emissions from area, stationary, and mobile sources
Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1970
268
A not-for-profit organization that promotes environmentally sustainable building practices.
Green Building Initiative (GBI) pg 4-2
269
In terms of sustainalbility what are the primary advantages and disadvantges of aluminum as a construction material?
Aluminum has a high potential for recycling but requires a large amount of energy for its manufacture
270
Formaldehyde
a colorless gas with a pungent odor. It is used in the preparation of the resins and adhesives most commonly found in particlboard, wall paneling, furniture, carpet adhesives, and other glues used in the construction and furnishings industry
271
What activities does the Environmental Institute conduct?
Test products for acceptable indoor air quality standards and registers the product it certifies
272
Metallocene Polyolefins
Replacement for PVC. Used for Window frames, membrane roofing, siding, and wire sheathing.
274
Which Nylon in carpet can be recycled easily?
Nylon 6 (pg 4-12)
275
What type of material is OSB?
Oriented Strand Board
276
Building commissioning
the process of inspecting, testing, starting up, and adjusting building systems and then verifying and documenting that they are operating as intended and meet the design criteria of the contract documents
277
the total energy required to extract, produce, fabricate, and deliver a material to a job site, including the collection of raw materials, the energy used to extract and process the raw materials, transportation from the original site to the processing plants or factory, the energy required to turn the raw materials into a finished product, and the energy required to transport the material to the job site.
Embodied energy
278
Mineral fiber Insulation
Made from steel mill slab or basalt rock can be up to 95% recycled material.
279
Local materials
Within 500 mi. of project is considered local by LEED
280
good sustainable products but often require adhesives and resins that outgas formaldhyde or other pollutants
Medium-density fiberboard (MDF)
281
a naturaly occurig fibrous mineral found in certain types of rock formations. Known to cause lung cancer and scarring of the lungs.
Asbestos
282
NIOAH stands for:
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
283
Four phases of a product's life cycle
1-Raw material acquisition 2-Manufacturing 3- Use and Maintenance 4-Disposal
284
a nongovernmental organization comprised of natioanl standards bodies fro over 120 countries
International Standards Organization (ISO)
