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Bio 151 > ch 27 male reproductive > Flashcards

ch 27 male reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

Which are the primary sex organs? (Gonads)

A

Testes in males
ovaries in females

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2
Q

What do the primary sex organs produce?

A

Gametes
Steroid sex hormones

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3
Q

What is the female Gametes?

A

Ova

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4
Q

What is the male Gametes?

A

Sperm

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5
Q

Name the female steroid sex hormones

A

Estrogens and progesterones

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6
Q

Name the male steroid sex hormones

A

Androgens

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7
Q

What are the accessory reproductive organs?

A

ducts
glands
external genitalia

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8
Q

Role of Sex hormones

A
  • Development and function of reproductive organs
  • Sexual behavior and drives
  • Growth and development of many other organs and tissues
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9
Q

What is the route of sperm?

A
  1. –Epididymis
  2. ductus deferens
  3. ejaculatory duct
  4. urethra
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10
Q

Name the accesory sex glands

A

–Seminal glands

–Prostate

–Bulbo-urethral glands

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11
Q

What is the role of the testes?

A

produces sperm

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12
Q

What is the structure labelled A?

A

Seminal Gland (Vesicle)

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13
Q

What is the structure labelled B?

A

Ampulla of ductus deferens

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14
Q

What is the structure labelled C?

A

Ejaculatory duct

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15
Q

What is the structure labelled D?

A

Prostate

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16
Q

What is the structure labelled E?

A

Bulbourethral gland

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17
Q

What is the structure labelled F?

A

Bulb of penis

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18
Q

What is the structure labelled G?

A

Ductus vas deferens

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19
Q

What is the structure labelled H?

A

Prostatic

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20
Q

What is the structure labelled I?

A

intermediate part of the urethra

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21
Q

What is the structure labelled J?

A

Corpus cavernosum

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22
Q

What is the structure labelled K?

A

Corpus spongeosum

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23
Q

What is the structure labelled L?

A

Spongy urethra

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24
Q

What is the structure labelled M?

A

Glans Penis

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25
Q

What is the structure labelled N?

A

Prepuce (foreskin)

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26
Q

What is the structure labelled O?

A

External urethral orifice

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27
Q

What is the structure labelled P?

A

Epididymis

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28
Q

What is the structure labelled Q?

A

Testis

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29
Q

What is the structure labelled R?

A

Scrotum

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30
Q

Which two sets of muscles help keep the scrotum at the correct temperature?

A

–Dartos muscle - smooth muscle- brings them in

–Cremaster muscles - bands of skeletal muscle that elevate testes

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31
Q

How man degrees lower than core body temperature is it necessary for testes to be for sperm production

A

3oc

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32
Q

What are the two tunics the testes are surrounded by?

A

–Tunica vaginalis – outer layer derived from peritoneum

–Tunica albuginea – inner layer; fibrous capsule

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33
Q

What is the septa of the testis?

A

divide testis into ~250 lobules

34
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules?

A

Site of sperm production?

35
Q

How many seminiferous tubules does a lobule of testis contain?

A

1-4

36
Q

What is the site of sperm production?

A

Seminiferous tubules

37
Q

What is the journey of sperm from production to epididymis?

A

–Seminiferous tubules

–Straight tubule

–Rete testis

–Efferent ductules

–Epididymis

38
Q

What is contained in the epithelium of the testes?

A

–Spheroid spermatogenic cells embedded in sustentocytes

39
Q

Which cell type surrounds each tubule in the testis?

A

Myoid cells

40
Q

What is the role of Interstitial endocrine cells in soft tissue surrounding seminiferous tubules?

A

Secrete androgens, e.g., testosterone into interstitial fluid

41
Q

Where is the blood for the testis supplied from?

A

–Testicular arteries arise from abdominal aorta

Testicular veins arise from pampiniform venous plexus

42
Q

What is the spermatic cord?

A

encloses nerve fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics that supply testes

43
Q

What is the male perineum?

A
  • Diamond-shaped region between pubic symphysis, coccyx, and ischial tuberosities
  • Suspends scrotum
  • Contains root of penis and anus
44
Q

What does the penis consist of?

A

Root

shaft

glans penis

prepuce (foreskin)

crura

45
Q

What is the role of crura?

A

Anchors the penis to the pubic arch

46
Q

What is the role of ducts in the male reproductive system?

A

Carry sperm from testes to body exterior

47
Q

What is contained in teh head of the penis?

A

Efferent ductiles

48
Q

Ho long is the duct of the epididymis?

A

6m

49
Q

What is the process of vasectomy?

A

cutting and ligating ductus deferens; nearly 100% effective form of birth control

50
Q

What are the three regions of the urethra?

A

Prostatic urethra

Intermediate urethra

spongy urethra

51
Q

What is the structure labelled A?

A

Prostate gland

52
Q

What is the structure labelled B?

A

Paired seminal glands

53
Q

What is the structure labelled C?

A

Bulbo-urethral glands

54
Q

What is produced by the seminal glands?

A

Produces viscous alkaline seminal fluid

55
Q

What does the prostate gland produce?

A
  • Secretes milky, slightly acid fluid
  • Role in sperm activation
  • 1/3 semen volume
56
Q

What is the role of the bulbo-urethral gland? (Cowpers gland)

A

•Produce thick, clear mucus during sexual arousal

–Lubricate glans penis

–Neutralize traces of acidic urine in urethra

57
Q

What is semen?

A

•Milky-white mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions

58
Q

What is the Ph of semen

A

•Alkaline (pH: 7.2-8.0)à neutralizes acidity of male urethra and female vagina à enhanced motility

59
Q

What are the functions of semen?

A
  • Prostaglandins decrease viscosity of mucus in cervix; stimulate reverse peristalsis in uterus
  • Hormone relaxin, enzymes à enhance sperm motility
  • Contains ATP for energy
  • Suppresses female immune response
  • Antibacterial action
60
Q

Which part of the nervous system is involved with male sexual arousal?

A

– CNS activation of parasympathetic neurons

61
Q

what are the factors affecting male arousal?

A

who cares????

62
Q

what is the speed of male ejaculation?

A

11mph

63
Q

What type of reflex is ejaculation?

A

–Sympathetic spinal reflex

64
Q

What type of chromosomes are produce by male gametes?

A

Haploid chromosomes (23 unpaired chromosomes)

65
Q

What process is involved in the production of gametes?

A

meiosis

66
Q

How many daughter cells are produced during meiosis?

A

4

67
Q

What are the functions of meiosis?

A
  • Random alignment of homologous pairs in meiosis I ( variability of gametes)
  • Crossover - variability of gametes
68
Q

What is the purpose of meiosis?

A

production of gametes for sexual reproduction?

69
Q

What are the phases of meiosis?

A

Meiosis I

  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase

Meiosis II

  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase

Cytokinesis

70
Q

What type of cells give rise to sperm?

A

spermatogenic

71
Q

What happens during spermiogenesis?

A

Spermatids become sperm

72
Q

When does spermatogenesis begin?

A

During puberty

73
Q

Which cells maintain germ cell line at basal lamina?

A

Type A

74
Q

What is the role of type B cells

A

move toward lumen and develop into primary spermatocytes

75
Q

What are the major regions of a sperm?

A
  • Head
  • Midpiece
  • Tail
76
Q

Which region of the sperm contains the genetic information?

A

Head

77
Q

What are sustenocytes?

A

•Large supporting cells (Sertoli cells):

78
Q

How long does spermatogenesis take?

A

64-72 days

79
Q

What is the mechanism and effect of testosterone in the male reproductive system?

A

–Synthesized from cholesterol

–Transformed to exert its effects on some target cells

  • Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in prostate
  • Estradiol in some neurons in brain
  • Prompts spermatogenesis
  • Targets all accessory organs
  • Has multiple anabolic effects throughout body
80
Q

What are the male secondary sex characteristics

A

•Features induced in nonreproductive organs by male sex hormones (mainly testosterone) eg.

–Appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair

–Enhanced growth of chest hair; deepening of voice

Bio 151 (12 decks)

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