Ch. 28 Reproductive System Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
Gonads
A
Sex organs
M: Testes
F: Ovaries
2
Q
Gametes
A
Sex cells
M: Sperm cells
F: Eggs/oocyte
3
Q
Somatic cells
A
Non-sex cells
Ex. Apotocyte, RBC, Skin cell
4
Q
Cellular division used by somatic cells
A
Mitosis
5
Q
Cell division used by sex cells/gametes
A
Meiosis
6
Q
Process of sex cell production (produces sperm or oocyte)
A
Gametogenesis
7
Q
Production of sperm cells
A
Spermatogenesis
8
Q
Production of egg cells
A
Oogenesis
9
Q
Start of her productive years
A
Menarche
10
Q
What is the absence of periods called
A
Amenorrhea(bc of pregnancy)
11
Q
Female reproductive years are coming to an end, ovaries are shutting down
A
Menopause
12
Q
What is the process of ovaries releasing a mature oocyte halfway through the reproductive cycle
A
Ovulation
13
Q
What is it called when the sperm cell and oocyte meet successfully in the fallopian tubes
A
Fertilization
14
Q
Fertilized egg
A
Zygote
15
Q
3 functions of vagina
A
-
16
Q
Diff: Spermatogenesis does not start until puberty, then throughout lifetime
A
True
17
Q
Diff: While in womb & birth, females will have all their eggs
A
True
18
Q
Common cause of Amenorrhea
A
Pregnancy
19
Q
What is the exocrine function of the reproductive system
A
Gametogenesis
20
Q
What is the endocrine function of the reproductive system
A
Produce sex hormones
21
Q
What hormone Produces milk
A
Prolactin
22
Q
What hormone secretes milk
A
Oxytocin
23
Q
How long is a term pregnancy (pre-term if ends before and post-term if ends after)
A
37 to 42 weeks
24
Q
What phase is between the 2 rounds of meiosis
A
Interkinesis
25
After meiosis, the male has produced __ viable daughter cells
4
26
After meiosis, females have produced _ viable cells
1
27
What are the 3 unviable cells produced by females called
Polar bodies
28
What is the function of the dartos and cremaster muscles
regulate testicular temperature
29
What is the continuous tubule system in the testes called
Seminiferous tubule
30
The ejaculatory duct is formed by the fusion of which 2 ducts
vas deferens and seminal vesicle
31
On HOT day, where will Dartos & cremaster moves the tested?
Away from body
32
On COLD day, where will Dartos & cremaster moves the tested?
Toward body
33
Diff: penis contains 3 portions of urethra
True
34
How many chromosomes in Diploid?
46
35
How many chromosomes in Haploid?
23
36
What is the path of sperm travel in males beginning in the testes (St,Tr,Rt,Ed,E,Dd,Ejd,Pu,Mu,Pu)
seminiferous tubule, tubulus rectus, rete testis, efferent ductules, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and penile urethra
37
What functions as a place for sperm to acquire motility
Epididymis
38
What functions as the carrier of sperm from the epididymis to the pelVic cavity
Vas deferens
39
What functions as the primary producer of material found in seminal fluid (semen)
Seminal vesicle
40
What nutrient in seminal fluid powers the sperm to move
Fructose
41
What functions as the producer and secretor of slightly alkaline fluid so sperm doesn't get killed by residual urine
bulbourethral (cowper's) gland
42
Where does sperm cell maturation occur
Epididymis
43
Location of Ejaculatory duct⭐️
Prostate gland
44
Location of bulbourethral gland
Root of penis
45
Location of Prostatic urethra
Prostate gland
46
Function of testes(Endo & Exo)
Endo: produce testosterone
Exo: Spermatogenesis
47
In males, which cells are responsible for testosterone production⭐️
interstitial cells of Leydig
48
What is the "guide wire" that begins the descent of the testes
gubernaculum
49
What term represents the failure of one or both testes dropping into the scrotum
cryptorchidism
50
What does the gubernaculum eventually turn into
Scrotal ligament
51
What cells aid in Spermatogenesis and form the blood-testis barrier
sertoli (nurse or sustentacular) cells
52
In sperm, the __ contains mitochondria, the __ contains DNA and the nucleus, and the __ is used for mobility
midpiece, head, flagellum
53
What process is flagellum acquired through
Spermiogenesis
54
What 5 things are included in the spermatic cord (Dd,Ta,Pp,Tn,Lv)
ductus deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus (veins), testicular nerve, and lymphatic vessels
55
What 3 things are contained within or formed from corpus spongiosum
spongy urethra, bulb of the penis, and glans penis
56
What makes up the root of the penis
2 crura (corpora cavernosa) and 1 bulb (corpus spongiosum)
57
T/F Leutinizing hormone is going to stimulate Leydig cells
True
58
In males, the Parasympathetic NS is working when __ occurs, and the Sympathetic NS and Somatic NS are working when __ occurs
Erection, Ejaculation
59
What is the term for doing a clinical perineum incision during labor
episiotomy
60
Where can you find the most common site of fertilization in the fallopian tubes⭐️
Ampulla
61
What is the normal position for the uterus to be in
Anteverted
62
If the oocyte is fertilized, where in the uterus will it be implanted
Endometrium
63
Which pouch is located between the rectum and uterus
rectouterine pouch (pouch of douglas)
64
Which pouch is found between the urinary bladder and uterus
vesicouterine pouch
65
Which layer of the endometrium is shed during menses⭐️
Functional layer
66
What is the path of the oocyte from the ovary to the uterus (F,I,A,I,U)
fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterus
67
A pregnancy occurring outside the uterus is called what
ectopic pregnancy
68
Which ligament drapes over the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
broad ligament
69
Which ligament is found in between the superior aspect of the uterus and labia majora
Round ligament
70
Which ligament is found in between the inferior aspect of the uterus and the sacrum
Uterosacral ligament
71
Which ligament is found in between the ovary and uterus
Ovarian ligament
72
Which ligament is found in between the ovary and pelvic wall
Suspensory ligament
73
Which section of the broad ligament covers the ovaries⭐️
Mesovarium
74
Which section of the broad ligament covers the fallopian tubes⭐️
mesosalpinx
75
Which cells produce estrogen
Theca interna cells
76
Right before birth for females, their meiosis division pauses in what phase
Prophase 1
77
Right before ovulation, meiosis division stops once again in what phase
Metaphase II
78
If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum stays functional so it can provide __ during the first trimester of pregnancy
progesterone
79
What provides progesterone for the second and third trimesters of pregnancy⭐️
Placenta
80
For the ovarian cycle, the __ phase happens before ovulation and forms the mature follicle, while the __ phase happens after ovulation and forms the corpus luteum
Follicular, luteal
81
Which phase of the uterine cycle regenerates the functional layer of the endometrium
proliferative phase (second)
82
Which phase of the uterine cycle gets rid of the products from the last cycle
Menses(first)
83
Which phase of the uterine cycle Secretes products to make the endometrium suitable for embedding an egg if it becomes fertilized
secretory phase (third)
84
If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates into what
Corpus albicans
85
What is another name for corpus luteum
Yellow body
86
What is another name for corpus albicans
White body
87
What hormone surge happens around the time of ovulation
LH surge
88
Females are born with their life supply of oocytes that are called what
primordial follicles
89
T/F During ovulation, the oocyte of the Graafian follicle is expelled, leaving the follicle behind to become the corpus luteum
True
90
What are the homologous structures in M/F that have erectile tissue
Penis and Clitoris
91
What are the homologous structures in M/F that are discolored
Scrotum and Labia majora
92
What homologous structure in M/F shares the same name
Prepuce
93
T/F: Erection is under the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system.
True
94
This is a homologue structure to the scrotum
Labia majora
95
This holds the uteRus in an anteverted position
Round ligament of uterus
96
This portion of the uterus shed and passes as menses
Endometrium
97
This is the main sourCe of progesterone in the first trimester of pregnancy
Corpus luteum
98
These are finger-liked structures of the oviduct
Fimbrae
99
First half and second half of ovarian cycle
First- Follicular phase
Second- Luteal phase
100
In the uterine cycle, days 5-14 is considered this.
Proliferative phase
101
T/F: The passage of menses from days 1-5 is menses from this current cycle.
False
102
This space is located in between the urinary bladder and the uterus
Vesicouterine pouch
103
What is the Renal Blood Flow Rate with a Cardiac output of 4000mL and a Renal Fraction of 20%?(multiply)
800 mL
104
Largest contributor to Seminal fluid
Seminal vesicles
105
3 ligaments of ovary (OSM)
• Ovarian ligament: found in between
the ovary and the uterus.
• Suspensory ligament: found in between the ovary and the pelvic wall
• Mesovarium: the broad ligament
portion of the ovary.
106
Portions of Fallopian tube(FIAI)
• Fimbriae: long thin finger-liked processes that extend over the ovary.
• Infundibulum: distal portion of the fallopian tube from the uterus.
• Ampulla: widest portion and the most common site of fertilization.
• Isthmus: portion closest to the uterus
107
At lunchtime, man goes in for procedure to severe ductus deferon, what is the procedure?
Vesectomy
108
3 portions of uterus
Fundus(dome shape)
Body
Cervix
109
What occurs in uterine tube?
Fertilization
110
Used to detect cervical cancer
PAP smear
111
Shape of Uterus
Hollow-muscular organ
