Ch.22 Lymphatic System Flashcards
1
Q
3 Functions of Lymphatic System⭐️
A
-Fluid Balance
-Lipid Absorption
-Defense
2
Q
Nutrient of lymphatic system ⭐️
A
Lipids
3
Q
Fluids entering lymphatic capillaries (fluid balance)⭐️
A
Lymphs
4
Q
Swelling in tissues from blockage of lymphatic system⭐️
A
Peripheral edema
5
Q
Lymph fluid(c)
A
Chyle
6
Q
ToF: Lymphatic system provides immunity
A
True, Defense
7
Q
Carries lymph fluids back into circulatory system
A
Lymphatic vessels
8
Q
Cells of lymphatic cells⭐️
A
Lymphocyte
9
Q
Collection of lymphocytes can form…
A
Lymphatic tissues
10
Q
Lymphatic tissues can form…
A
Lymphatic organs
11
Q
2 classes of lymphatic organs⭐️
A
Primary lymphatic organs
Secondary lymphatic organs
12
Q
Filters lymph and are sites where lymphocytes respond to infections
A
Lymph nodes
13
Q
Primary lymphatic systems consists of…⭐️
A
Bone marrow, Thymus gland
14
Q
Secondary Lymphatic system consists of…⭐️
A
Tonsils, Lymph nodes, & Spleen & Appendix?
15
Q
Location of lymphocytes?
A
Lymph nodes
16
Q
Extra organ of Lymphatic system⭐️
A
Appendix
17
Q
B Lymphocytes…⭐️
A
Originate from red bone marrow and mature in bone marrow
18
Q
T Lymphocytes…⭐️
A
Originate from red bone marrow and mature in THYMUS gland
19
Q
Named by locations of lymph nodes(neck, armpit, & groin)⭐️
A
In the neck- Cervical lymph nodes
In armpit- Axillary lymph nodes
In groin- Inguinal lymph nodes
20
Q
Within thoracic region, in between lungs/mediastum, there is…
A
Thymus gland
21
Q
In cervical region, there is…⭐️
A
Thyroid gland
22
Q
What quadrant is the spleen?⭐️
A
Left upper quadrant
23
Q
What quadrant is the appendix?⭐️
A
Right lower quadrant
24
Q
All Lymphocytes originate from…
A
Red Bone marrow
25
ToF: Pre-T cells are gonna move to THYROID gland⭐️
False, Thymus
26
Lymphocytes born from bone marrow that go to mature in thymus gland are…⭐️
T Lymphocytes
27
Do arteries have valves?⭐️
No
28
Do some veins have valves?⭐️
Yes
29
Take a Breather
Okay
30
Structures with valves ⭐️
Heart, Veins, and lymphatic vessels
31
Carry lymphs away from tissues
Lymphatic vessles
32
Thoracic duct is the…⭐️
Left lymphatic duct & drains remainder of body
33
Thoracic duct drains into (2)⭐️
Left jugular vein & left subclavian vein
34
How many brachiosevalic veins are there?
2
35
Right lymphatic duct drains into
Right subclavian vein & between right internal jugular vein
36
Other name for thoracic duct
Left lymphatic duct
37
Trunk that drains from head and neck
Jugular trunk
38
Trunk that drains upper limbs,
superficial thoracic wall, and mammary glands
Subclavian trunk
39
Trunk that drains from
deep thoracic organs and deep thoracic wall(from thorax)
Bronchomediastinal trunk
40
What vessel drains LEFT half of head, chest, and left upper extremity?
Thoracic duct
41
What vessel drains RIGHT side of head, neck, right upper extremity, right upper chest
Right lymphatic duct
42
What duct drains 1/3 body and pelvis?⭐️
Thoracic duct
43
Primary lymphatic organs form⭐️
T & B cells
44
2 antigens ⭐️
Self-antigens
Non-self antigens/ Foreign antigens
45
Another name for non self antigens?
Foreign antigens
46
5 types of antibodies/immunoglobulins formed by plasma cells⭐️
Ig G
Ig A
Ig M
Ig E
Ig D
47
Selection wanted to fight infection⭐️
Positive selection
48
Three classes of Lymphocytes
T Cells
B Cells
NK Cells (Natural Killer cells)
49
Process of programmed cell death⭐️
Apoptosis
50
Cells that mature in Bone Marrow
B Cells & NK Cells
51
Plasma cell(by definition) is a…
Activated B Cell
52
In Red Bone Marrow, once B cells mature…
It becomes plasma cell
53
Another word for Throat
Pharynx
54
Example of denser lymphatic tissues⭐️
Peyer patches
55
3 types of Tonsils & area(PPL)⭐️
-Pharyngeal tonsils (upper)
-Palatine tonsils (middle on sides)
-Lingual tonsils (root of tongue)
56
Best to numb tonsils after surgery
Ice cream
57
Cortex is found in…⭐️
Outer region
58
ToF: A lymph node is likely to be found in medulla⭐️
False, in cortex
59
What is a reservoir for blood?⭐️
Spleen
60
Functions of Spleen(3)⭐️
-Destroys defective RBC(120 days)
-Detects and responds to foreign substance
Limited reservoir for blood
61
Difference between Self Antigens and Non Self/Foreign Antigens?⭐️
Self Antigens- produced by body
Foreign antigens- not produced by body
62
What is an autoimmune disease?⭐️
Immune systems targeting SELF-Antigens, which decrease activities
63
Examples of autoimmune disease⭐️
Psoriasis & Lupus
64
2 categories of Immunity⭐️
Innate/nonspecific resistance: Body defenses given from birth
Adaptive/specific immunity: Acquired throughout life
65
If syringe is loaded with non-surface antigens and put into body, & put immune-response vs. brand new condition/disease
Innate vs. Adaptive
66
How can you get adaptive immunity?⭐️
Vaccines or natural exposure
67
Adaptive: Ability to recognize a particular substance (non-self antigen).
Specificity
68
Adaptive: Ability to remember previous encounters with a particular substance and respond rapidly
Memory
69
What immunoglobulin is found in secretion?⭐️
Ig A
70
3 chemical mediators that promote inflammation⭐️
Complement, Prostaglandins, and leukotrienes
71
Physical barriers in immunity
Skin, mucus, tears, saliva, urine, cilia, coughing & sneezing
72
What can releasing histamine do?⭐️
Cause eyes to water and nose to run so debris can be flushed
73
Why poke holes in bacterial cell membrane?
So bacteria can swell and then rupture
74
CM: Promotes fever to fight infection
Pyrogens
75
In complement system, what immunoglobulins trigger classical pathway?⭐️
Ig G & Ig M
76
2 pathways of Complement System
Classical pathway- part of innate immunity
Alternative pathway- part of adaptive immunity
77
Protein used in Complement System to push holes ⭐️ (MAC)
Membrane Attack Complex
78
Rupture of bacteria cell⭐️
Lysis
79
C-3b is used to…⭐️
Enhance phagocytosis
80
The two proteins Complement system are…
MAC & C3b
81
What is a form of opsonization?
C3b
82
First WBC to show up in old/new infection⭐️
Neutrophils, because their most abundant
83
Example of macrophage in liver?⭐️
Kupffer cells
84
Example of macrophage in lung tissue?⭐️
Dust cells
85
Process in which products are released from cytoplasmic granuoles ⭐️
Degranulation
86
What leukocyte punches holes when encountering Non-Self antigen?⭐️
Natural Killer cells
87
Symptoms of local inflammation
Swelling, pain, heat, redness, & loss of function
88
Latin for redness, heat, swelling, & pain
Redness(rubor)
Heat(calor)
Swelling(tumor)
Pain(dolor)
89
What immunity if given non-self ANTIGEN?⭐️
Active immunity
90
What immunity if given ANTIBODIES⭐️
Passive immunity
91
What immunity is from Antigens introduced through Environment?⭐️ (natural causes)
Natural active immunity
92
What immunity is from Antigens introduced by Vaccine?⭐️
Artificial Active immunity
93
What immunity is using Antibodies from mother using breast milk in placenta to child?⭐️
Natural passive immunity
94
Good example of artificial active acquired immunity?⭐️
Flu Shot (antigen)
95
Example of Artificial passive acquired immunity?
Rabies shot (antibodies)
96
Only antibody/immunoglobulin that can cross the placenta⭐️
Ig G
97
ToF: If mom decides not to breastfeed us, she’s not providing immunity immediately after birth
False, ig G continues for 6 months
98
What is the antigen receptor MHC?
Major Histocompatibility Complex molecules
99
What do MHC Class 1 molecules do?⭐️
Track Cd8 T-lymphocytes
100
What do MHC Class 2 molecules do?⭐️
Track Cd4 T-lymphocytes
101
Another name for Cd8 cells?
Cytotoxic T cell
102
Another name for Cd4 cells?
Helper T cells
103
What do the Cd8(cytotoxic T) cells produce?⭐️
Daughter T Cells
104
What do the Cd4(helper T) cells produce from B Cell?⭐️
Daughter B cell
105
An activated B-Cell activated is a …. Cell⭐️
Plasma Cell
106
Purpose of plasma cells⭐️
Produce antibodies
107
Antibody structure contains
2 heavy chains w/Sulfides & 2 light chains
108
First antibody to show up in brand new infection⭐️
Ig M
109
First antibody in recurring infection⭐️
Ig G
110
Antibody for degranulation ⭐️
Ig E
111
Antibody found on surface of B-lymphocyte⭐️
Ig D
112
Antibody found when there’s allergies⭐️
Ig E
113
One structure antibody
Ig G Monomer
114
Ig M has 5 structures, making it a ⭐️
Pentamer
115
Ig A antibody is a
Dimer
116
Ig A has 2 monomers, making it a..⭐️
Dimer
117
Ig E and Ig D structures are ⭐️
Monomer
118
In primary response, which antibody joins first?(brand new infection)⭐️
Ig M, then Ig G
119
What infection is a secondary response, based on more Ig G?⭐️
Recurring infection
120
How many chains in antibody structure?
4 (2 heavy chains + 2 light chains)
121
ToF: MHC class II molecules are used to attract cytotoxic T cells?
False, Helper T
122
Reactivated chicken pox are called⭐️
Shingles
123
System used to absorb fat from diet⭐️
Lymphatic system
124
This mechanism is used by Natural Killer cells⭐️
Perforins
125
Immunoglobulin used to trigger the "classical pathway" of the Complement system⭐️
Ig M
126
This condition is directly associated with a missing Thymus gland
DiGeorge Syndrome
127
ToF: Non-self antigens bind to the Fab region of an immunoglobulin⭐️
True
128
This Pharynx is part of the upper respiratory tract⭐️
Nasopharynx
