Ch 29 Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
What type of parasite is Enterobius vermicularis?
A
It is a nematode (roundworm).
2
Q
How is it transmitted?
A
Ingestion or inhalation of eggs.
3
Q
What disease does Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) cause ?
A
Enterobiasis.
4
Q
What are the Enterobius vermicularis symptoms?
A
Intense perianal itching, especially at night.
5
Q
How is Enterobius vermicularis diagnosed?
A
Scotch tape test in the morning; flashlight test at night.
6
Q
What is the Enterobius vermicularis treatment?
A
Mebendazole; treat entire family and repeat in 2 weeks.
7
Q
What type of parasite is Ascaris lumbricoides?
A
Nematode.
8
Q
How is Ascaris lumbricoides transmitted?
A
Ingestion of eggs from contaminated food or water.
9
Q
What disease does Ascaris lumbricoides cause?
A
Ascariasis
10
Q
What are the Ascaris lumbricoides symptoms?
A
Intestinal blockage, lung migration (pneumonitis), allergic reactions.
11
Q
How is Ascaris lumbricoides diagnosed?
A
Eggs in feces, juveniles in sputum, or adult worms in stool.
12
Q
What type of parasites are hookworms?
A
Nematodes.
13
Q
How are Hookworms (Ancylostoma, Necator) transmitted?
A
Skin penetration by larvae (usually through feet).
14
Q
What are the Hookworms symptoms?
A
Anemia, fatigue, abdominal pain.
15
Q
How is Hookworms diagnosed?
A
Eggs in feces under the microscope.
16
Q
What type of parasite is Trichuris trichiura?
A
Nematode.
17
Q
How is Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) transmitted?
A
Ingestion of embryonated eggs in contaminated food.
18
Q
What are the Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) symptoms?
A
Bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal prolapse.
19
Q
How is Trichuris trichiura diagnosed?
A
Bipolar eggs in feces; colonoscopy may show worms.
20
Q
What type of parasite is Wuchereria bancrofti?
A
Nematode
21
Q
How is Wuchereria bancrofti transmitted?
A
Mosquito bite.
22
Q
What disease does Wuchereria bancrofti cause?
A
Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis).
23
Q
What are the Wuchereria bancrofti symptoms?
A
Swollen lymph nodes, thickened limbs and genitals.
24
Q
How is Wuchereria bancrofti diagnosed?
A
Microfilariae in blood sample taken at night.
25
What is the Wuchereria bancrofti treatment?
DEC (Diethylcarbamazine), Ivermectin, and supportive care.
26
What type of parasite is Onchocerca volvulus?
Nematode.
27
How is Onchocerca volvulus transmitted?
Blackfly bite.
28
What disease does Onchocerca volvulus cause?
Onchocerciasis (River Blindness).
29
What are the Onchocerca volvulus symptoms?
Skin nodules, dermatitis, blindness.
30
How is Onchocerca volvulus diagnosed?
Microfilariae in skin snip or visible in eye exam.
31
What is the Onchocerca volvulus treatment?
Ivermectin
32
What type of parasite is Dracunculus medinensis?
Nematode.
33
How is Dracunculus medinensis transmitted?
Drinking water with infected copepods.
34
What are the Dracunculus medinensis symptoms?
Blister with emerging worm, rash, secondary infection.
35
How is Dracunculus medinensis diagnosed?
Visible worm emerging from skin; larvae in blister fluid.
36
What type of parasite is Fasciola hepatica?
Trematode (liver fluke).
37
How is Fasciola hepatica transmitted?
Ingestion of metacercaria on water plants (e.g., watercress).
38
What are the Fasciola hepatica symptoms?
Liver inflammation, jaundice, anemia, abdominal pain.
39
How is Fasciola hepatica diagnosed?
Eggs in feces; liver blockage; ELISA test.
40
What is the Fasciola hepatica treatment?
Rafoxanide.
41
What type of parasite is Fasciolopsis buski?
Trematode (intestinal fluke).
42
How is Fasciolopsis buski transmitted?
Ingestion of aquatic plants (e.g., water chestnuts) with metacercaria.
43
What are the Fasciolopsis buski symptoms?
Nausea, chronic diarrhea, intestinal obstruction.
44
How is Fasciolopsis buski diagnosed?
Eggs in feces.
45
What type of parasite is Schistosoma mansoni?
Trematode (blood fluke).
46
How is Schistosoma mansoni transmitted?
Skin penetration by cercaria from contaminated water.
47
What disease does Schistosoma mansoni cause?
Intestinal schistosomiasis.
48
What are the Schistosoma mansoni symptoms?
Hepatosplenomegaly, portal hypertension, GI bleeding.
49
How is Schistosoma mansoni diagnosed?
Eggs with lateral spine in feces; floatation test; ELISA.
50
What type of parasite is Schistosoma japonicum?
Trematode.
51
How is Schistosoma japonicum transmitted?
Skin penetration by cercaria.
52
What disease does Schistosoma japonicum cause?
Schistosomiasis (with CNS involvement possible).
53
What are the Schistosoma japonicum symptoms?
GI issues, liver damage, seizures, CNS effects in chronic cases.
54
How is Schistosoma japonicum diagnosed?
Round eggs in feces; ELISA (in development).
55
What type of parasite is Schistosoma haematobium?
Trematode
56
How is Schistosoma haematobium transmitted?
Skin penetration by cercaria.
57
What disease does Schistosoma haematobium cause?
Urinary schistosomiasis.
58
What are the Schistosoma haematobium symptoms?
Hematuria, dysuria, bladder cancer risk.
59
How is Schistosoma haematobium diagnosed?
Eggs with terminal spine in urine; ELISA test.
60
What type of parasite is Diphyllobothrium latum?
Cestode.
61
ow is Diphyllobothrium latum (Fish Tapeworm) transmitted?
Ingestion of raw or undercooked fish.
62
What are the Diphyllobothrium latum (Fish Tapeworm) symptoms?
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, diarrhea, weakness.
63
How is Diphyllobothrium latum diagnosed?
Eggs in feces; signs of B12 deficiency.
64
What type of parasite is Taenia saginata?
Cestode.
65
How is Taenia saginata (Beef Tapeworm) transmitted?
Ingestion of undercooked beef.
66
What are the Taenia saginata symptoms?
Usually mild GI symptoms or asymptomatic.
67
How is Taenia saginata diagnosed?
Eggs or proglottids in feces; species confirmed by proglottids.
68
What type of parasite is Taenia solium?
Cestode.
69
How is Taenia solium transmitted?
Ingestion of undercooked pork or eggs (autoinfection).
70
What disease does Taenia solium cause?
Taeniasis and Cysticercosis.
71
What are the Taenia solium symptoms?
GI issues (Taeniasis); seizures, blindness, brain cysts (Cysticercosis).
72
How is Taenia solium (Pork Tapeworm) diagnosed?
Eggs/proglottids in stool; MRI or CT for cysticercosis.
73
What type of parasite is Echinococcus granulosus?
Cestode.
74
How is Echinococcus granulosus transmitted?
Ingestion of eggs from dog feces.
75
What disease does Echinococcus granulosus cause?
Hydatid disease (cystic echinococcosis).
76
What are the Echinococcus granulosus symptoms?
Liver/lung cysts; if ruptured → anaphylactic shock.
77
How is Echinococcus granulosus diagnosed?
MRI or CT; Casoni’s skin test.
78
What is the Echinococcus granulosus treatment?
Surgical removal; chemotherapy or cryotherapy before surgery.
79
What type of parasite is Hymenolepis nana?
Cestode.
80
How is Hymenolepis nana (Dwarf Tapeworm) transmitted?
Ingestion of eggs or infected beetles.
81
What disease does Hymenolepis nana (Dwarf Tapeworm) cause?
Hymenolepiasis
82
What are the Hymenolepis nana symptoms?
Often asymptomatic; possible mild GI issues.
83
How is Hymenolepis nana diagnosed?
Eggs in feces with polar filaments.
84
What type of parasite is Hymenolepis diminuta?
Cestode.
85
How is Hymenolepis diminuta transmitted?
Ingestion of infected grain beetles.
86
What are the Hymenolepis diminuta symptoms?
Usually asymptomatic.
87
How is Hymenolepis diminuta diagnosed?
Eggs in feces without polar filaments.
88
What Hymenolepis diminuta the treatment?
Praziquantel
89
What type of parasite is Loa loa?
nematode
90
What is the mode of transmission of Loa loa?
bite of a deer fly
91
Who is the definitive host of Loa loa?
Humans
92
Who is the intermediate host of Loa loa?
deer fly
93
What is the name of the disease caused by Loa loa?
The disease is called Loiasis.
94
What are the symptoms of Loiasis?
Calabar swellings (temporary skin swellings), itching, joint pain, fatigue, and eye migration which causes emotional distress.
95
What severe complication can Loa loa rarely cause?
It can occasionally cause fatal encephalitis if it migrates deeper into the body.
96
How is Loa loa diagnosed?
By detecting microfilariae in peripheral blood, usually during the day.
97
Why is blood tested during the day for Loa loa diagnosis?
Because microfilariae circulate in the blood during the day and move to the lungs at night.
98
Who is the definitive host of Dirofilaria immitis?
Dogs, cats, ferrets, sea lions, and occasionally humans.
99
Who is the intermediate host of Dirofilaria immitis?
Mosquitoes.
100
What is the pathological effect of Dirofilaria immitis infection?
A large number of worms block the heart valves, causing inefficient blood pumping and potential respiratory complications.
101
What are the symptoms of heartworm disease in animals?
Vomiting, chronic cough, respiratory insufficiency, exercise intolerance, and eventually cardiopulmonary failure.
102
How is Dirofilaria immitis diagnosed?
By an ELISA test; microfilariae are not considered diagnostic.
103
What is the most common cause of death from heartworm disease?
Cardiopulmonary failure.
104
What is the mode of transmission of Dirofilaria immitis?
mosquito bite
105
What is the definitive host of Capillaria hepatica?
Mainly rodents (especially rats); rarely humans.
106
How is Capillaria hepatica transmitted?
By ingesting contaminated food, water, or soil.
107
Where does Capillaria hepatica live in the host?
In the liver.
108
How is Capillaria hepatica diagnosed?
Usually at autopsy; eggs in feces are not reliable for diagnosis.
