Ch 3 & 4 Flashcards
(57 cards)
Cultural lag
How material culture changes faster than non material culture
Cultural change
The gradual evolution of a culture over time, largely due to population patterns and technological change
Also how some groups adopt cultural change better then others
Cultural change often yields what?
A generation gap
What are the 6 group functions ?
Define boundaries Select leaders Assign tasks Control members behavior Make decisions Set goals
example of ascribed status
Son/daughter of wealthy parents
physically attractive
example of achieved status
class president, captain of the football team, holder of high grades
What type of group is this?
instagram contacts, fantasy football league, twitter followers
E-community
What type of group?
member of a street gang called the sharks
in-group
What type of group?
rival street gang, the jets
Out-group
What group?
clergy (nuns, pastors,etc.) at your church
Reference
Group?
Language Arts class, where you know very few
Secondary
Group?
your clique of pals
primary
Role strain
Situation that occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the expectations of ONE role
Ex. nurse overwhelmed by her job requirements
Define Status
socially defined position in a group or society
Define Role
behavior associated with a certain status
Ex. cop, enforces laws, not breaks them
Define ascribed status
A position/status you’re born in to
Define Achieved Status
one earned through hard work, personal effort, and merit
difference between a status and a role
you occupy a status, but play a role
ex. status-student, role-parent (Deshaun)
List all the values that form foundation of traditional American culture defined by sociologist Robin Wiliams
- Personal Achievement
- Individualism
- Work
- Morality and Humanitarianism
- Efficiency and Practicality
- Progress and material comfort
- Equality
- Democracy
- Freedom
2 basic ways in which norms of society are enforced ?
What are their definitions
Internalization- norm becomes a part of an individuals personality, thus conditioning them to conform to society’s expectations
Sanctions- rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms
How have american values changed in recent years?
new values have developed like self-fulfillment and the concern for the environment
List the 6 sources of social change and how they affect society
- Values & beliefs - change bc of social movements (Womens rights movement)
- Technology - change bc of discovery and inventions of new/better things (cell phones)
- Population - size increase, new values and ways of doing things (immigrants-> italian food)
- Diffusion - spreading cultural traits and ideas (sushi from japan)
- Physical environment - unexpected incidents (natural disaster -> new construction methods, better buildings)
- Wars & Conquests - having to rebuild (destruction of cities -> new cities and technology)
What are the 4 different sanctions?
Compare positive and negative sanctions
Informal, Formal, Positive, Negative
Positive- action that rewards a particular behavior Ex. A raise
Negative- punishments or the threat of punishments used to enforce conformity Ex. possibility of having your car towed
How do ethnocentrism, cultural lag, and vested interests produce resistance to social change in an educational setting?
People believe that the standard education now is fine as it is (vested) , think their way of providing education is the best/superior (ethnocentrism) , and because of cultural lag, the things that need to be changed have not been able to be altered
