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2020 Certified Specialist of Wine (CSW) > CH 3 - Grape Varieties > Flashcards

CH 3 - Grape Varieties Flashcards

(108 cards)

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1
Q

As a vine, grapes belong to the genus ______

A

Vitis

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2
Q

What species of grapes is used widespread in commercial winemaking?

A

Vitis vinifera

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3
Q

Vinifera vines were originally developed in what region?

A

Caucasus Mountains region between Europe and Asia

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4
Q

Vine subspecies are more commonly called _____ ______

A

Grape varieties (thousands of them are recorded)

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5
Q

What is the 2nd most important grape species?

A

Vitis labrusca

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6
Q

What is produced using Vitis labrusca?

A

Table juice for fresh consumption or unfermented grape juice

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7
Q

What are North American vines resistant to?

A

The aphid-like insect phylloxera

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8
Q

The vinifera part of the vine, known as the _____, could be grafted onto the trunk, or rootstock, of North America vines to achieve a phylloxera resistant vine

A

Scion

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9
Q

A _____ is a scientific grouping of plants or animals that are genetically similar, have broad characteristics in common, and can produce viable offspring through sexual reproduction

A

Species

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10
Q

A ______ is a subspecies. They are an identifiable group of vines of the same species that share many characteristics of appearance, flavor and growth

A

Variety

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11
Q

What are examples of grapevine species?

A

Vinifera and labrusca

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12
Q

What are examples of grape varieties?

A

Chardonnay and Syrah

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13
Q

The term _____ means grapes that are slightly different from their parent

A

Clone

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14
Q

What is it called when an asexually reproduced grapevines are planted in new surroundings, and slight genetic variations occur as the plant modifies itself to adapt to its new conditions

A

Clone

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15
Q

If a new vine shows a consistent distinction from its parent, it may be determined to be a new ______

A

Clone

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16
Q

New _____ have a new name or number assigned to the grape

A

Clone

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17
Q

A ______ is derived from a vine that has developed different characteristics from its parents or fellow clones through the imperfect reproduction of cells as its grows

A

Mutation

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18
Q

What 2 wines are considered mutant strains of Point Noir?

A

Pinot Blanc and Pinot Gris

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19
Q

A _____ is the offspring of sexual reproduction between different species.

A

Cross or crossing

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20
Q

What wine is a cross between Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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21
Q

A ______ is the result of sexual reproduction between 2 closely related but different species such as Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca

A

Hybrid

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22
Q

What are some examples of Hybrid wines?

A

Seyval Blanc, Vidal Blanc and Baco Noir

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23
Q

What white grape is often distilled into Brandy?

A

Airen

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24
Q

What is one of the most widely grown white grapes that most consumers haven’t heard of?

A

Airen

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25
What are a select group of grape varieties that thrive in a wide range of growing conditions and are grown in many areas throughout the world called?
International varieites
26
What are some examples of an International Varieties
Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Merlot and Malbec
27
Grapes that are planted in their native area are referred to as what?
Traditional, native or indigenous
28
The term ___________ refers to indigenous grapes that are the result of natural cross-breeding or natural mutation in a specific area
Autochthonous
29
What is an example of an indigenous grape?
Nebbiolo
30
Chardonnay is thought to be indigenous to what region in France?
Burgundy
31
What other region is Chardonnay an important variety for?
Champagne - for use in sparkling wines
32
Winegrowers around the world have planted Chardonnay in ______ climates to produce a similar style to those produced in Burgundy
Cooler
33
What characteristics will a Chardonnay have in a warmer climate?
Ripe tropical fruit flavors, high alcohol and considerable body
34
What characteristics will a Chardonnay have in a cooler climate?
Citrus flavors, green fruit aromas, crisp acidity, light to medium body
35
Chardonnay is one of the grapes that benefits from interaction with oak. True or false?
True
36
What are some well known examples of Chardonnay?
White Burgundy, Champagne, California Style new world versions
37
What are the top producing countries for Chardonnay
France, US, Australia
38
What are the characteristic aromas for Chardonnay?
green apple, melon, pears (cool climate), tropical fruit (warm climate), butter (malolactic fermentation), vanilla, butterscotch, caramel, toast (oak-aged)
39
What is the acidity and alcohol in Chardonnay?
Medium to high acidity; Medium to high alcohol
40
Which grape variety is one of the most versatile grapes?
Chenin Blanc
41
Chenin Blanc has _____ acidity when grown in a cool climate
High
42
In still Chenin Blanc wines, a little ______ _______ is often used to take the edge off the sharp acidity
Residual sugar
43
Which grape can make a great late-harvest, botrytis affected dessert wine that can last for decades
Chenin Blanc
44
Where is France does Chenin Blanc grow?
Loire Valley
45
Chenin Blanc is the most widely planted grape in which country?
South Africa
46
What percentage represents all the Chenin Blanc grown in South Africa?
18%
47
What region in California also grows Chenin Blanc?
California's Central Valley
48
What are some well known examples of Chenin Blanc?
Vouvray, Savennieres, Saumur
49
What are the top producing countries for Chenin Blanc?
South Africa, France, US
50
What are the characteristics of Chenin Blanc?
Green apple, yellow pear, melon, green plum, citrus, almond, white flowers, chamomile tea; honey and quince (aged)
51
______ is an ancient grape variety that has been carried to nearly every wine region in the world
Muscat
52
What type of wine is Muscat generally used to produce?
Sweet wines
53
Muscat has mutated several times, what are the most prevalent and well known member
Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains (white Muscat with small berries), Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat Ottonel
54
All Muscats share a characteristic powerful _____ aroma and the scent of fresh white ______
Floral, grapes
55
Most muscats perform best in ______ climates
Warm to hot
56
Which Muscat variety does better in cooler climates?
Ottonel variety
57
What are some examples of a dessert Muscat and what country are they produced in?
Vins doux naturels (Southern France); Rutherglen Muscats (Australia); Moscatels (south of Spain)
58
What popular Muscat-based sparkling wine comes from northwestern Italy?
Moscato d'Asti
59
What are the top producing countries for Muscat?
Italy, France, Chile, Australia
60
What are the characteristics of Muscat?
Musk, honey, orange blossom, floral, apricot, table grapes
61
What is the acidity and alcohol in Mustcat?
Acidity is low to medium, Alcohol is medium to high
62
Pinot Grigio and Pinot Gris are a mutation of what grape?
Pinot Noir
63
What does Pinot Grigio and Pinot Gris mean?
Gray Pinot
64
Where is the Pinot Gris style of wine produced?
Alsace, France; Oregon
65
The cool climate Pinot Gris of France and Oregon has what characteristics?
Med+ acidity, med to full body, neutral aromas of apple, pear, almond; sometimes moderate amount of residual sugar
66
What are the 2 names given to Pinot Gris style wines produced in Germany?
Rulander and Grauburgunder
67
What are the characteristics of a warmer climate Pinot Grigio?
med- acidity and higher alcohol, dry, unoaked, some can be aromatic and lees-aged
68
What are well-known examples of Pinot Grigio / Pinot Gris?
Northeastern Italy, Alsace, Oregon
69
What are the top producing countries for Pinot Grigio / Pinot Gris?
Italy, US, Germany, France, Australia
70
What are the characteristics of Pinot Grigio / Pinot Gris?
Apple, lemon, melon, peach, minerals, almond
71
What is the acidity and alcohol of Pinot Grigio / Pinot Gris?
Low to high acidity; Medium alcohol
72
Which country is Riesling indigenous to?
Germany
73
What are the aroma characteristics that are common to Riesling?
Highly aromatic and a unique petrol scent
74
What is the sweetness spectrum for Riesling?
From dry, off-day or medium sweetness
75
How is the high acidity of Riesling balanced?
By adding some residual sugar
76
Why are Rieslings some of the most long lived white wines?
With the high acidity and balancing residual sugar, they have a preservative effect
77
Are White Riesling and Missouri Riesling related to Riesling?
White Riesling is a synonym for true Riesling; Missouri Riesling is unrelated
78
What are some well known examples of Riesling?
Mosel, Rheingau, Rheinhessen, Pfalz, Alsace, Frace; Clare and Eden Valleys in Australia, Finger Lakes in New Work, Washington State
79
What are the top producing countries for Riesling?
Germany, Australia, France, US
80
What are the characteristics of Riesling?
Lime, peach, nectarine, apricot, honeysuckle, wet stone, petrol (depending on ripeness and bottle age), baking spices (well aged)
81
What are the acidity and alcohol of Rielsing?
High to very high acidity; Very low to high alcohol
82
Common term for grape subspecies
Variety
83
Cabernet Franc X Sauvignon Blanc
Cabernet Sauvignon
84
Offspring created via typical reproduction of two grapes within the same species
Cross (Crossing)
85
Major white grape of Burgundy
Chardonnay
86
South African nickname for Chenin Blanc
Steen
87
Leading red grape of Burgundy
Pinot Noir
88
Offspring created via typical reproduction of closely related but different species
Hybrid
89
What grape used in the sweet wines of Rutherglen
Muscat
90
Leading white grape of the Clare Valley
Riesling
91
Major white grape of Champagne
Chardonnay
92
Also known as Grauburgunder
Pinot Gris
93
White grape of Sancerre
Sauvignon Blanc
94
Red grape of Cahors
Malbec
95
Term created by Robert Mondavi for Sauvignon Blanc
Fume Blanc
96
Also known as Tinta Roriz
Tempranillo
97
Leading white grape of Hunter Valley
Semillon
98
Grape used in Barolo
Nebbiolo
99
Also known as Weissburgunder
Pinot Blanc (Pinot Bianco)
100
Predominant variety of the Cognac Region
Ugni Blanc (Trebbiano Toscano)
101
Grape known for "jammy" blackberry flavors (somewhat unique to California)
Zinfandel
102
Grape variety of Savennieres
Chenin Blanc
103
Grape variety of Chinon
Cabernet Franc
104
White grape variety (grown in a few places, including Aslace) with aromas of flowers, perfume and lychee
Gewurztraminer
105
Also known as Cannonau
Grenache
106
Leading red grape of Tuscany
Sangiovese
107
Homeland for Chasselas
Switzerland
108
Three grapes of the G-S-M blend
Grenache-Syrah-Mourvedre

2020 Certified Specialist of Wine (CSW) (23 decks)

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