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Kine 4800 biomechanics > Ch. 3 pt2 > Flashcards

Ch. 3 pt2 Flashcards

1
Q

A flower is placed inside the pages a book and several other books are stacked on top of the book containing the flower. The weight of the books creates a __ force on the flower.

A

compressive

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2
Q

A pulling force that creates tension in the object to which it is applied is known as __.

A

tensile force

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3
Q

How much compressive stress is present on the L1,L2 vertebral disc of a 700 N man, given that approx. 40% of his body weight is supported by the disc when he stands in an upright position?

(Assume that the disc is oriented horizontally and that its surface area

A

9.33 N/cm^2

multiply 700 N by 40% to get 280, then divide 280 by 30 cm^2 to get ~9.3

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4
Q

T/F: When an eccentric force is applied to a structure, it prevents bending of the structure.

A

False

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5
Q

The term axial means directed along the __ of a body.

A

longitudinal axis

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6
Q

A pressing or squeezing force applied axially through a body.

A

Compression

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7
Q

A pulling or stretching force directed axially through a body.

A

Tension

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8
Q

A force directed parallel to a surface.

A

Shear

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9
Q

What is the most common type of loading on the human body?

A

Combined loading

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10
Q

What are the 2 potential effects produced when a force acts on an object?

A

Deformation and acceleration

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11
Q

The distribution of force within a body, quantified as force divided by the area over which the force act is known as __.

A

Stress

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12
Q

In the context of a load deformation curve, deformations exceeding the ultimate failure point produce __ __ of the structure, which in the human body means fracturing of bone or rupturing of soft tissues.

A

mechanical failure

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13
Q

An asymmetric loading that produces tension on one side of a body’s longitudinal axis and compression on the other side is known as __.

A

bending

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14
Q

What are 2 axial forces?

A

Compression and tension

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15
Q

Loading-producing twisting of a body around its longitudinal axis is __.

A

torsion

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16
Q

Simultaneous action of more than one of the pure forms of loading is __.

A

combined loading

17
Q

When a single force large enough to cause injury acts on biological tissues, the injury is termed acute and the causative force is termed __.

A

macrotrauma

18
Q

__ is change in shape.

A

Deformation

19
Q

In the context of a load deformation curve, __ is the loss of mechanical continuity.

A

failure

20
Q

The causative mechanism of a stress injury is termed __.

A

microtrauma

21
Q

What is a limitation of force platforms?

A

It faces the restrictions of a laboratory setting.

22
Q

The application of a single force of sufficient magnitude to cause injury to a biological tissue is known as __ __.

A

acute loading

23
Q

A physical quantity that possesses both magnitude and direction is known as __.

A

vector

24
Q

What are the scalar quantities?

A

Mass, volume, length, and speed

25
Q

The repeated application of a subacute load that is usually of relatively low magnitude is known as __ __.

A

repetitive loading

26
Q

When 2 vectors oriented in exactly opposite directions are composed, the resultant has the direction of the longer vector and a magnitude equal to __ __ __ __.

A

the difference in the magnitudes of the 2 original vectors.

27
Q

Provide graphical or digital maps of pressures across the plantar surfaces of the feet

A

pressure platforms

28
Q

Designed to transduce ground reaction forces in vertical, lateral, and anteroposterior directions w/respect to the platform itself

A

force platforms

29
Q

What are the kinetic vector quantities?

A

Force, weight, pressure, specific weight, and torque

30
Q

An operation that replaces a single vector with two perpendicular vectors such that the vector composition of the two perpendicular vectors yields the original vector is known as __ ___.

A

vector resolution

31
Q

An operation that replaces a single vector with two perpendicular vectors such that the vector composition of the two perpendicular vectors yields the original vector is known as __ ___.

A

vector resolution

32
Q

A physical quantity that is completely described by its magnitude is known as __ quantity.

A

scalar

33
Q

In the context of a load deformation curve, yield point is also known as __ __.

A

elastic limit

34
Q

The process of determining a single vector from 2 or more vectors by vector addition is known as __ __.

A

vector composition

Kine 4800 biomechanics (21 decks)

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