Ch. 3 pt2

Question 1

A flower is placed inside the pages a book and several other books are stacked on top of the book containing the flower. The weight of the books creates a __ force on the flower.

Answer 1

compressive

Question 2

A pulling force that creates tension in the object to which it is applied is known as __.

Answer 2

tensile force

Question 3

How much compressive stress is present on the L1,L2 vertebral disc of a 700 N man, given that approx. 40% of his body weight is supported by the disc when he stands in an upright position?

(Assume that the disc is oriented horizontally and that its surface area

Answer 3

9.33 N/cm^2

multiply 700 N by 40% to get 280, then divide 280 by 30 cm^2 to get ~9.3

Question 4

T/F: When an eccentric force is applied to a structure, it prevents bending of the structure.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

The term axial means directed along the __ of a body.

Answer 5

longitudinal axis

Question 6

A pressing or squeezing force applied axially through a body.

Answer 6

Compression

Question 7

A pulling or stretching force directed axially through a body.

Answer 7

Tension

Question 8

A force directed parallel to a surface.

Answer 8

Shear

Question 9

What is the most common type of loading on the human body?

Answer 9

Combined loading

Question 10

What are the 2 potential effects produced when a force acts on an object?

Answer 10

Deformation and acceleration

Question 11

The distribution of force within a body, quantified as force divided by the area over which the force act is known as __.

Answer 11

Stress

Question 12

In the context of a load deformation curve, deformations exceeding the ultimate failure point produce __ __ of the structure, which in the human body means fracturing of bone or rupturing of soft tissues.

Answer 12

mechanical failure

Question 13

An asymmetric loading that produces tension on one side of a body’s longitudinal axis and compression on the other side is known as __.

Answer 13

bending

Question 14

What are 2 axial forces?

Answer 14

Compression and tension

Question 15

Loading-producing twisting of a body around its longitudinal axis is __.

Answer 15

torsion

Question 16

Simultaneous action of more than one of the pure forms of loading is __.

Answer 16

combined loading

Question 17

When a single force large enough to cause injury acts on biological tissues, the injury is termed acute and the causative force is termed __.

Answer 17

macrotrauma

Question 18

__ is change in shape.

Answer 18

Deformation

Question 19

In the context of a load deformation curve, __ is the loss of mechanical continuity.

Answer 19

failure

Question 20

The causative mechanism of a stress injury is termed __.

Answer 20

microtrauma

Question 21

What is a limitation of force platforms?

Answer 21

It faces the restrictions of a laboratory setting.

Question 22

The application of a single force of sufficient magnitude to cause injury to a biological tissue is known as __ __.

Answer 22

acute loading

Question 23

A physical quantity that possesses both magnitude and direction is known as __.

Answer 23

vector

Question 24

What are the scalar quantities?

Answer 24

Mass, volume, length, and speed

Question 25

The repeated application of a subacute load that is usually of relatively low magnitude is known as __ __.

Answer 25

repetitive loading

Question 26

When 2 vectors oriented in exactly opposite directions are composed, the resultant has the direction of the longer vector and a magnitude equal to __ __ __ __.

Answer 26

the difference in the magnitudes of the 2 original vectors.

Question 27

Provide graphical or digital maps of pressures across the plantar surfaces of the feet

Answer 27

pressure platforms

Question 28

Designed to transduce ground reaction forces in vertical, lateral, and anteroposterior directions w/respect to the platform itself

Answer 28

force platforms

Question 29

What are the kinetic vector quantities?

Answer 29

Force, weight, pressure, specific weight, and torque

Question 30

An operation that replaces a single vector with two perpendicular vectors such that the vector composition of the two perpendicular vectors yields the original vector is known as __ ___.

Answer 30

vector resolution

Question 31

An operation that replaces a single vector with two perpendicular vectors such that the vector composition of the two perpendicular vectors yields the original vector is known as __ ___.

Answer 31

vector resolution

Question 32

A physical quantity that is completely described by its magnitude is known as __ quantity.

Answer 32

scalar

Question 33

In the context of a load deformation curve, yield point is also known as __ __.

Answer 33

elastic limit

Question 34

The process of determining a single vector from 2 or more vectors by vector addition is known as __ __.

Answer 34

vector composition