Ch.4 pt 1

Question 1

Bone tissue that has 5%-30% of the bone volume occupied by non mineralized tissue is known as __ __.

Answer 1

cortical bone

Question 2

What is primarily determined by calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate?

Answer 2

Stiffness and comprehensive strength

Question 3

What is provided by a protein called collagen?

Answer 3

Flexibility and tensile strength

Question 4

Water makes up __%-__% of total bone weight.

Answer 4

25%-30%

Question 5

Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate make up __%-__% of dry bone weight.

Answer 5

60%-70%

Question 6

T/F: The more porous the bone, the smaller the proportion of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Bone tissue with 30% greater than 90% of bone volume that is occupied by non-mineralized tissue is known as spongy, cancellous, or __.

Answer 7

trabecular bone

Question 8

The central skeleton is made up of…?

Answer 8

The skull, vertebrae, sternum, and ribs

Question 9

The peripheral skeleton is made up of…?

Answer 9

The bones composing the body appendages

Question 10

What is a consequence of the anisotropic property of bone?

Answer 10

It makes bone strongest in resisting compressive stress and weakest in resisting shear stress.

Question 11

What bones serve as shock absorbers?

Answer 11

Short bones

Question 12

What bones protect the underlying organs and soft tissues?

Answer 12

Flat bones

Question 13

What bones support the weight of the superior body parts?

Answer 13

Irregular bones

Question 14

What bones form the framework of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 14

Long bones

Question 15

The tibia and femur…(2 answers)

Answer 15

1.) Are large and massive to support the weight of the body.
2.) Contain a central hollow area known as the medullary cavity or canal.

Question 16

During circumferential growth, while osteoblast activity occurs in the periosteum, bone is reabsorbed or eliminated around the circumference of the __ __, so that its diameter is continually enlarged.

Answer 16

medullary cavity

Question 17

The term __ is used to describe a surface containing cavities and is a characteristic that varies across bones.

Answer 17

porous

Question 18

Cortical and trabecular bone exhibit different strength and stiffness in response to forces applied from different directions. In this context, both cortical and trabecular bone are __.

Answer 18

anisotropic

Question 19

What type of bone is the femur?

Answer 19

A long bone

Question 20

What type of bone is the sacrum?

Answer 20

An irregular bone

Question 21

What type of bone is the scapula?

Answer 21

A flat bone

Question 22

What type of bones are the carpals?

Answer 22

Short bones

Question 23

Long bones contain a central hollow area known as the __ __.

Answer 23

Medullary cavity

Question 24

During circumferential growth of bone, the internal layer of the __ builds concentric layers of new bone tissue on top of existing ones.

Answer 24

Periosteum

Question 25

Longitudinal growth of a bone is terminated during or shortly following adolescence when the __ __ disappears and the bone fuses.

Answer 25

epiphyseal plate

Question 26

What two specialized cells are responsible for changes in bone size and shape during circumferential bone growth?

Answer 26

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 27

T/F: Age-related changes in bone volume and density are much more pronounced in women than in men.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Cancellous bone has a honeycomb structure with mineralized vertical and horizontal bars, which form cells filled with marrow and fat. These bars are known as __.

Answer 28

trabeculae

Question 29

The __ __ is a self-lubricating layer of firm, flexible connective tissue that protects the articulating ends of long bones from wear at points of contact with other bones.

Answer 29

articular cartilage

Question 30

Compact mineralized connective tissue with low porosity that is found in the shafts of long bones is known as __ __.

Answer 30

cortical bone

Question 31

Less compact mineralized connective tissue with high porosity that is found in the ends of long bones and in the vertebrae is known as __ __.

Answer 31

trabecular bone

Question 32

What property of bone has the ability to resist pressing or squeezing force?

Answer 32

Compressive strength

Question 33

What property of bone has the ability to resist pulling or stretching force?

Answer 33

Tensile strength

Question 34

What property of bone has a ratio of stress to strain in a loaded material?

Answer 34

Stiffness

Question 35

What are the nominal subdivisions of the human skeletal system?

Answer 35

The axial and appendicular skeleton

Question 36

What is true of the age-related, progressive decline of bone density and bone strength that is experienced by both men and women?

Answer 36

It involves a progressive diminishment in the mechanical properties and general toughness of bone.

Question 37

What is true of the porosity of bone?

Answer 37

The more porous the bone, the smaller the proportion of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.

Question 38

What type of bone cells are specialized bone cells that build new bone tissue during circumferential growth?

Answer 38

Osteoblasts

Question 39

What type of bone cells are specialized bone cells that resorb bone tissue during circumferential growth?

Answer 39

Osteoclasts