Ch.4 pt 2

Question 1

According to Wolffs law, dynamic mechanical loading causes bones to strain, which gets translated into changes in bone shape and strength through a process known as __.

Answer 1

remodeling

Question 2

Bone modeling is the process by which __ __ __.

Answer 2

immature bones grow

Question 3

Bone modeling

Answer 3

Formation of new bone that is not preceded by resorption and is the process by which immature bones grow.

Question 4

Which of the following groups is the most susceptible to osteoporosis?

Answer 4

Postmenopausal and elderly women

Question 5

What is true about the female athlete triad?

Answer 5

1.) It can lead to reduced bone thickness and density
2.) It can result in negative consequences ranging from irreversible bone loss to death

Question 6

The single most important factor for preventing or prolonging the onset of osteoporosis is the optimization of peak bone mass during __ __ __.

Answer 6

childhood and adolescence

Question 7

In accordance with Wolff’s law, when a bone undergoes a deformation or bending type load, it is subject to strain, new bone is laid down at the strain sites, and the ______.

Answer 7

overall bone mass and density are increased

Question 8

In the context of bone injuries, the term impacted means _____.

Answer 8

pressed together by a compressive load

Question 9

In response to motions of fluid within the bone matrix caused by dynamic loading, __ trigger the actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which in turn form and resorb bone.

Answer 9

osteocytes

Question 10

Due to bone hypertrophy, the bones of physically active individuals tend to be _____ than those of sedentary individuals of the same age and gender.

Answer 10

denser, more mineralized, and stronger

Question 11

According to Wolff’s law, the densities, and to a much lesser extent, the shapes and sizes of the bones of a given human being are a function of the _________.

Answer 11

magnitude and direction of the mechanical stresses that act on the bones

Question 12

The term given to formation of new bone that is not preceded by resorption of fatigue-damaged older bone is __ __.

Answer 12

bone modeling

Question 13

What conditions combine to form the female athlete triad?

Answer 13

low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and diminished bone mineral density

Question 14

What is characterized by no change in bone mass?

Answer 14

Conservation mode

Question 15

What involves a net loss of bone mass characterized by an enlarged marrow cavity and a thinned cortex?

Answer 15

Disuse mode

Question 16

An increase in bone mass resulting from a predominance of osteoblast activity in response to regular physical activity is known as __ __.

Answer 16

bone hypertrophy

Question 17

A decrease in bone mass resulting from a predominance of osteoclast activity in response to reduced stressed is known as __ __.

Answer 17

bone atrophy

Question 18

Osteoporosis is a disorder that begins as __, which is a condition of reduced bone mineral density that predisposes an individual to fractures.

Answer 18

osteopenia

Question 19

T/F: Evidence suggests that it is easier to treat osteoporosis than it is to prevent it.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

What is necessary for maintaining skeletal integrity in both humans and animals?

Answer 20

weight-bearing physical activity

Question 21

What is a simple bone fracture?

Answer 21

Bone ends remain within the surrounding soft tissues

Question 22

What is a compound bone fracture?

Answer 22

One or both bone ends protrude from the skin

Question 23

What is a transverse bone fracture?

Answer 23

A complete fracture in which a break occurs at a right angle to a bone’s axis

Question 24

What is an oblique bone fracture?

Answer 24

A complete fracture that occurs at an angle other than a right angle too a bone’s axis

Question 25

What is a spiral fracture?

Answer 25

A complete fracture caused by twisting a bone excessively