Ch. 3: The Cell Flashcards
(71 cards)
spontaneous generation
The notion that life con arise from nonliving matter
endosymbiotic theory
The theory that mitochondria & chloroplasts arose as a result of prokaryotic cells establishing a symbiotic relationship with a eukaryotic host
germ theory of disease
States that diseases may result from microbial infection
cytoplasm
A gel-like substance composed of water & dissolved chemicals needed for growth
ribosomes
Organelles used for production of proteins
prokaryotic cells
- Lack a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane
- have a single, circular chromosome located in a nucleoid
eukaryotic cells
Have a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane that contains multiple, rod-shaped chromosomes
cell morphology
The shape of individual cells of a particular prokaryotic organism
cell wall
- Found in most prokaryotes & some eukaryotes
- envelopes cell membrane, protecting the cell
osmotic pressure
Occurs because of differences in concentration of solutes on opposing sides of a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
Diffusion of water
isotonic medium
Solute concentrations inside & outside of the cell are approx. equal; no net movement of water
hypotonic medium
Solute concentration inside cell exceeds that outside of cell; water moves into cell
hypertonic medium
Solute concentration outside cell exceeds that inside the cell; water diffuses out of cell
crenation
Shriveling of the cell
plasmolysis
Plasma membrane contracts & detaches from cell wall, there is a decrease in interior volume, but cell wall remains infect
nucleiod
A condensed area of DNA in prokaryotic cells; doesn’t stain, appears lighter in color
nucleoid associated proteins (NAPs)
Assist in organization & packaging of chromosomes
plasmids
Small, circular dsDNA molecules; extrachromosomal DNA found here
70S ribosomes
Composed of 2 subunits; 30S & 50S
inclusions
Cytoplasmic structures used to store excess nutrients
volutin granules (metachromatic granules)
Inclusions that store polymerized inorganic phosphate that can be used in metabolism & assist information of biofilms
pulyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)
- produced by species of Bacillus & Pseudomonas
- example of inclusion that displays this type of monolayer structure
magnetosomes
- inclusions of magnetic inn oxide or iron sulficle surrounded by a lipid layer
- allow cells to align along a magnetic field, aiding in movement
