CH 5 Exam Flashcards
(173 cards)
1
Q
cardiovascular system
A
heart and blood vessels that transport blood throughout the body.
2
Q
cardi/o
A
heart
3
Q
vascul/o
A
small vessel
4
Q
circulatory system
A
The heart and blood vessels provide the cells of the body with nutrients and oxygen and provide a way for waste and carbon dioxide.
5
Q
cardiology
A
study of the heart and blood vessles
6
Q
cardiologist
A
Dr that specializes in the study of the heart
7
Q
cardiovascular surgeon
A
Dr that is trained to operate on the heart, lungs and blood vessles
8
Q
heart
A
muscular pump and the central organ of the cardiovascular system
Hallow muscular organ in thoracic cavity, specifically pericardial cavity
9
Q
Mediastinum
A
Space b/w pleural cavities & organs b/w pleural cavities
10
Q
3 layers of heart
A
Endocardium
Myocardium
Pericardium
11
Q
Endocardium
A
Inner lining of the heart
12
Q
Myocardium
A
Muscular middle layer of heart
13
Q
Pericardium
A
Outer sac that surrounds the heart and decreases friction b/w the heart and other structures around it.
14
Q
Right side of heart
A
Pumps blood from the body tissues to the lungs 
15
Q
Left side of heart
A
pumps blood from the longs to the body tissues 
16
Q
Septum
A
A partition that divides the heart by sides
17
Q
Right atrium
A
2 large veins, the superior vena cava, and the inferior vena cava, bring blood from the body to the right atrium 
18
Q
Right ventricle
A
receive the blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk and the right and left pulmonary arteries 
19
Q
Left atrium
A
receives blood from the right and left pulmonary veins 
20
Q
Left ventricle
A
receive blood from the left atrium and pumps it out to the large artery, the aorta 
21
Q
tricuspid valve
A
b/w the right atria and right ventricle
22
Q
pulmonary valve
A
located at the exit of the right ventricle and controls the flow of blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk
23
Q
mitral valve
A
located b/w the left atrium and left ventricle
24
Q
aortic valve
A
located at the exit of the left ventricle and controls the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta
25
blood circulation
starts and ends with heart
1. blood enters the heart from the body tissues via the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium.
2. travels thru tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
3. leaves the right right side of heart thru the pulmonary valve and into the R & L pulmonary arteries and the lungs for oxygenation.
4. the R & L pulmonary veins enter the left side of the heart at the left atrium
5. blood travels thru the mitral valve into the left ventricle
6. the blood leaves the heart thru the aortic valve and enter the aorta.
26
R and L pulmonary arteries
only arteries in the body that carry deoxygenated blood.
27
R and L pulmonary veins
only vients in the body to carry oxygenated blood
28
arteries
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the body tissue
29
arterioles
are the smallest arteries, only consisting of one to two cell layers of muscle cells, that are continuous with the capillary bed.
30
capillary bed
consists of microscopic blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the cells of the body and CO2 and other waste products are removed from the cells of the body.
31
venules
are the smallest veins, 1 to 2 muscle cell layers thick.
32
heartbeat
coordinated contraction of the heart
begins to beat, 5-6 weeks after conception
controlled by the autonomic nervous system
there is special neuromuscular tissue in the heart that stimulates the heart muscles to contract continuously and rhythmically.
33
Sinoatrial node SA
pacemaker of the heart
34
purkinje fibers
located in the upper part of the right atrum
35
electrical impulse
1. sa node
2. travels thru the internodal pathway throughout the atria and stimulates the atria to contract.
3. av node, atrioventricular
4. travels to the atrioventricular bundle called bundle of his
5. branches into 2 bundle branches that travels down the atrioventricular septum.
36
radial pulse
most common site
37
carotid pulse
easiest pulse to palpate
used in emergencies
38
dorsalis pedis pulse
on the dorsal surface of the foot is used to assess peripheral artery disease
39
blood pressure
measurement of the pressure that the blood is exerting against the arterial wall as the heart pumps and the resistant force of the arterial wall against the blood flow.
40
systolic
measurement of pressure when the heart contracts and blood is pumped in the body
41
diastolic
measurement of pressure when the heart is relaxed
42
sphygmomanometer
device to measure BP
43
angi/o
vessel
44
angin/o
to choke
45
aort/o
aorta
46
arteri/o
artery
47
ather/o
fatty substance
48
atri/o
atrium
49
auscultate/o
listen to
50
circulat/o
circular
51
cyan/o
dark blue
52
dilat/o
to widen
53
ech/o
reflected sound
54
electr/o
electricity
55
embol/o
a throwing in
56
hem/o
blood
57
infarct/o
infarct/ necrosis
58
isch/o
to hold back
59
lipid/o
fat
60
mitr/o
mitral valve
61
my/o
muscle
62
occlus/o
to close
63
ox/o
oxygen
64
palpit/o
throbbing
65
pector/o
chest
66
phleb/o
vein
67
rhythm/o
rhythm
68
scler/o
hardening
69
sten/o
narrowing
70
thromb/o
clot of blod
71
valvul/o
valve
72
vas/o
vessel
73
vascul/o
small vessel
74
ven/o
vein
75
ventricul/o
ventricle
76
vers/o
turning
77
78
Anastamosis
Surgical connection b/w blood vessels
79
Aneurysm
abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to a weakness in the artery wall
80
angina pectoris
chest pain due to the constriction of blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle
81
Arteriosclerosis
pathological condition of hardening of the arteries
82
Arteritis
Inflammation of an artery
83
Atherosclerosis
pathological condition of the arteries, where there is a buildup of family substances within the artery and hardening of the wall of the artery
84
auscultation
process of using a stethoscope to listen to the sounds that they body makes, especially heart and lungs
85
bradycardia
abnormally slow heartbeat.
<60
86
bruit
pathological noise heard on auscultation. a sound in either an artery or a vein
87
cardiac arrest
loss of heart function that results in decreased circulation
88
cardiomegaly
enlargement of heart
89
cardiopulmonary
pertaining to the heart and lungs
90
claudication
dull, cramping pain in the hips, thighs, calves, or buttocks because of inadequate blood supply to the muscles of the leg
91
cyanosis
abnormal bluish or greyish appearance of the skin and/or mucous membranes caused by an oxygen deficiency in the blood
92
diastole
relaxed phase of the heart where the heart muscle relaxes, and the chambers fill with blood
93
embolism
pathological condition caused by an obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign substance or a blood clot
94
hemangioma
benign tumor of a blood vessel
95
hemodynamic
study of the hearts functions and movement of the blood and blood pressure
96
hyperlipidemia
abnormally high levels of lipids in the blood
97
hypotension
low BP
98
infarction
death of tissue resulting from an obstruction of blood flow
99
ischemia
condition where there is a lack of oxygen due to decreased blood supply to a part of the body
100
murmur
abnormal heart sound heard on auscultation of the heart
101
myocardial
pertaining to the heart muscle
102
myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle
103
occlusion
a blockage in a vessel, canal, or passage of the body
104
oximety
measurement of the oxygen saturation in the blood
105
palpitation
abnormal throbbing or fluttering of the heart that is felt by the patient
106
pericardial
pertaining to the pericardium
107
pericardiocentesis
removal of the fluid in the pericardial sac for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes
108
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
109
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
110
shock
life threatening condition when the body is not getting enough oxygen leading to damage of multiple organs and possible death.
111
sinoatrial
pertaining to the sinus venosus of the embryo or the sinus of the vena cava and the right atrium
112
systole
contractive phase of the heart when the heart muscle contracts and forces the blood out of the heart
113
tachycardia
rapid heartbeat over 100bpm
114
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein associated with the formation of a blood clot
115
thrombosis
a blood clot in the vascular system
116
varicose veins
swollen dilated veins that usually occur in the lower legs secondary to slow blood flow and defective valves in the veins
117
vasoconstrictive
constriction of the blood vessels
118
vasodilator
medicine that acts directly on smooth muscle cells in the blood vessels to make them wider
119
vasospasm
spasm of a blood vessel
120
venipuncture
puncture of a vein for the purpose of removing blood for analysis in a lab
121
ventricular
pertaining to a cardiac ventricle
122
aed
automated external defibrillator
123
af or afib
atrial fibrillation
124
av
atrioventricular
125
bp
blood pressure
126
cabg
coronary artery bypass graft
127
cad
coronary artery disease
128
chf
congestive heart failure
129
chol
cholesterol
130
ck
creatine kinase
131
cmp
cardiomyopathy
132
co
cardiac output
133
cta
clear to auscultation
134
cv
cardiovascular
135
cva
cerebrovascular accident
136
dvt
deep vein thrombosis
137
ecg, eeg
electrocardiogram
138
echo
echocardiogram
139
ef
ejection fraction
140
hbp
high blood pressure
141
hdl
high density lipoprotein
142
hf
heart failure
143
hgb
hemoglobin
144
htn
hypertension
145
iv
intravenous
146
la
left atrium
147
ldl
low density lipoprotein
148
lv
left ventricle
149
lvef
left ventricular ejection fraction
150
mi
myocardial infarction
151
ms
mitral stenosis
152
mv
mitral valve
153
mvp
mitral valve prolapse
154
nstemi
non st segment elevation myocardial infarction
155
pad
peripheral artery disease
156
pe
pulmonary embolism
157
ra
right atrium
158
rv
right ventricle
159
rvef
right ventricular ejection fraction
160
sa
sinoatrial
161
sob
shortness of breath
162
stemi
st segment elevation myocardial infarction
163
vldl
very low density lipoprotein
164
vsd
ventricular septal defect
165
arrhythmias
change in or loss of the regular rate and rhythm of the heartbeat.
166
dysrhythmias
irregularities
167
sinus arrhythmias
typically do not cause severe symptoms and could be a normal finding in a healthy patient
168
sinus tachycardia
irregularity in the heart rate where the rate is greater than 100
169
sinus bradycardia
HR less than 60
170
atrial fibrillation
most chronic arrhythmia
irregularly irregular heart rhythm where the electrical conduction of the heart no longer begins in the sa node but rather the start of the electric conduction of the heart comes from many different locations throughout the atria
171
ventricular tachycardia
arrhythmia where the contraction of the heart is initiated in the ventricles rather than the atria.
172
cardioversion
med procedure used to treat life-threatening arrhythmias
173
