Ch 5

Question 0

What main feature does archaea share with eukaryotic nucleus and cytoplasm?

Answer 0

Histones

Question 1

How many domains are prokaryotes classified as?

Answer 1

2 bacteria and archaea

Both lack nucleus

Question 2

What type of linkages does archaea have? Do eurkaryotes and bacteria have these?

Answer 2

Ether, no

Question 3

What is important about the ether linkage?

Answer 3

MOre heat resistant and tolerant of other extreme conditions

Question 4

What are common about bacteria?

Answer 4

Most favor moderate conditions and many form symbiotic relationships.

Question 5

What are two important bacteria? How many phyla?

Answer 5

Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria

~50

Question 6

What is the only prokaryote to conduct photosynthesis?

Answer 6

Cyanobacteria are the only ones that generate oxygen as a product
Gave rise to plastids of eukaryotic algae and plants

Question 7

All Protista are?

Answer 7

Eukaryotes

Question 8

What are two common characteristics of Protists?

Answer 8

Abundant in Moist habitats

Are microscopic in size

Question 9

Are Protists monophetic?

Answer 9

No, they are in every super group, some supergroups are only Protists

Question 10

What are the three major ecological groups of Protists?

Answer 10

Algae, Protozoa, fungus like

Question 11

Are protist abundant in seawater?

Answer 11

Yes, over reefs ~1 billion/L

Thrive in low nutrients

Question 12

When are bacteria also abundant?

Answer 12

Mass spawning

Question 13

Anthropogenic does what to the bacteria level?

Answer 13

Increases, also increases viruses and triggers blooms of Cyanobacteria

Question 14

What bacteria is a diazotroph?

Answer 14

Cyanobacteria

It means nitrogen fixing

Question 15

What represent 90% of the planktonic Cyanobacteria?

Answer 15

Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus

Very important primary producers

Question 16

How are microbes important in coral algae interactions?

Answer 16

Algae contain microbes, as algae grows closer to coral microbes are spread to the coral either by water currents or by direct algae contact.

Question 17

What fungus attacks sea fans?

Answer 17

Aspergillus sydowii in Caribbean

Question 18

What do protozoans have a symbiosis with?

Answer 18

Zooxanthellae

Question 19

What accumulates in Reef sediment?

Answer 19

Foraminifera’s calcareous test

Question 20

What is included in microphytobenthos algae?

Answer 20

Benthic algae, diatoms and Cyanobacteria

20-30% of total pp

Question 21

What do dinoflagellates produce?

Answer 21

Ciguatera toxin

Question 22

What do ciguatera dinoflagellates stick to? Where are they found?

Answer 22

Coral
Algae
Sea grass

All tropical and sub tropical

Question 23

What tropic level does ciguatera poisoning affect?

Answer 23

High tropic levels via bioaccumulation

Question 24

Productivity of microphytobenthos and phytoplankton are linked to what?

Answer 24

Nutrients and varies seasonally

Question 25

What is least limited by nitrate levels?

Answer 25

Cyanobacteria

Question 26

How do prokaryotes increase trophic efficiency?

Answer 26

Through the microbial loop. Dissolved organic material from phytoplankton is taken in by bacterioplankton which are taken by flagellated micro plankton and then by ciliates protozoan then by zooplankton and finally by phytoplankton.

Question 27

What part of coral contribute to organic carbon and nutrients on And around reefs?

Answer 27

Coral mucus

Question 28

What do zooplankton included?

Answer 28

Holoplankton and larvae

Question 29

What does reef zooplankton include?

Answer 29

Demersal holoplankton Pelagic plankton Larvae released on reefs

Question 30

What is the relationship between larvae duration and range?

Answer 30

Larval duration increases with increasing species range

Question 31

What does connectivity refer to in ecology?

Answer 31

The amount of gene flow between populations

Question 32

What is equilibrium community?

Answer 32

Population controlled by density dependent processes | Niche specialization

Question 33

What is non equilibrium community?

Answer 33

Local reef community on a reef is random sample of larval pool

Question 34

Is there species redundancy on reefs?

Answer 34

Yes for every guild

Question 35

Is there a high or low habitat specialization?

Answer 35

Low Several species share one habitat Inconsistent with niche specialization

Question 36

How do reef communities fluctuate?

Answer 36

High turnover rate of species High spatial variability of recruitment Local recruitment does not depend on local reproduction called supply side ecology It depends on lottery competition - space filled at random

Question 37

Is a reef in equilibrium?

Answer 37

No. Local spe IRS composition is constantly changing