CH 5 Short Answers

Question 1

What is Diffusion?

Answer 1

Diffusion is a natural process that always occur down a concentrated gradient

Question 2

How does Diffusion play an important role how living things obtain energy and get rid of wastes?

Answer 2

In living things, the intake of nutrients from food and the removal of wastes occur at the cellular level. This requires that particles cross the Cell Membrane

Question 3

What are produced inside the Muscle Cells?

Answer 3

Wastes, such as Carbon Dioxide, are produced inside the muscle cells

Question 4

What does the wastes do in the Muscle Cells?

Answer 4

The wastes accumulate inside the cell to higher concentrations than the outside of the cell. These particles diffuse from the muscle cells, where they are highly concentrated, into blood.

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide happens continuously. This makes it necessary for you to have a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood

Question 5

How are Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide exchanged?

Answer 5

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide are exchanged across the membranes of blood cells and muscle cells by diffusion. This exchange of gases is necessary for life

Question 6

Why is Osmosis a type of Diffusion?

Answer 6

Osmosis is a type of Diffusion because it is driven by a Concentrated Gradient

Question 7

What are some common solutes in cells?

Answer 7

Sugars, Salts, and Proteins are common solutes

Question 8

What acts as a Solvent?

Answer 8

Water acts as a Solvent

Question 9

Why do cells need to maintain solute concentrations at certain levels?

Answer 9

Cells need to maintain solute concentrations at certain levels to stay alive and healthy

Question 10

What determines the solute concentration inside the cell?

Answer 10

The movement of water into and out of a cell determines the solute concentration inside the cell.

Question 11

Plants have a large what? What does it take up?

Answer 11

Plants have a large, central vacuole that is filled with water. This vacuole takes up most of the cell’s interior space

Question 12

Describe what happens when a cell needs water for cellular processes

Answer 12

When a cell needs water for cellular processes, water moves from the vacuole to the parts of the cell where it is needed. This causes a decrease in the concentration of water in te cell’s Cytoplasm , and therefore, an increase in the concentration of solutes

Question 13

What happens if the solute concentration inside the plant cell becomes higher than the solute concentration?

Answer 13

If the solute concentration inside the plant cell becomes higher than the solute concentration outside the plant cell, water moves into the cell by osmosis

Question 14

What happens when plant roots absorb water?

Answer 14

When plant roots absorb water, the sudden influx of water fills the central vacuole and cytoplasm. This exerts pressure against the cell wall and causes the cell to swell. This outward pressure on the cell wall of a plant is called Turgor Pressure

Question 15

What happens when the cells in a plant’s stem and leaves take in water by osmosis?

Answer 15

When the cells in a plant’s stem and leaves take in water by osmosis, they become turgid and press against each other. This causes the stems and leaves to stiffen and stay upright.

Question 16

How can problems arise when plants lose too much water?

Answer 16

For example, Fertilizers contain nutrients that can help plants grow. However, these nutrients become dissolved in water in the soil. This increases the concentration of solutes and lowers the concentration of water in the soil, compared to the concentration inside the plants roots. To minimize crop damage, fertilizers must be applied in small amounts.

Question 17

Understanding osmosis in plants is important in what industries?

Answer 17

Understanding osmosis in plants is important in industries such as farming and horticulture

Question 18

What are the steps of Exocytosis?

Answer 18

1 A cell vacuole containing waste material joins with the cell membrane.
2. The vacuole releases its contents to the outside environment.
3. The vacuole becomes part of the cell membrane. Cells do not use exocytosis.
only to get rid of wastes. They also use it to send helpful materials to other cells. Many of these materials are proteins that other cells need. The proteins are packaged in vacuoles by the Golgi apparatus and released by exocytosis.

Question 19

What are the steps of Phagocytosis?

Answer 19

1 A cell extends its cell membrane to make finger like shapes These shapes are called pseudopods.
2. The pseudopods surround material outside the cell.
3. The pseudopods join to form a vacuole around the material.
4. The cell breaks down the material in the vacudle into smaller particles
These small particles can be used for energy or bulding material within the cell.

Question 20

What happens when in a plant’s stem and leaves lose water by osmosis?

Answer 20

When cells in a plant’s stem and leaves lose water by osmosis, the cells become less turgid. The plant wilts.

Question 21

How does the cell membrane play an important role?

Answer 21

The cell membrane plays an important role in keeping harmful substances out of the cell and in removing wastes.

Question 22

The cell membrane is a what?

Answer 22

The cell membrane is a natural gatekeeper around a cell.

Question 23

What does the cell membrane control?

Answer 23

The cell membrane controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

Question 24

The Cell Membrane is composed of what?

Answer 24

The cell membrane is composed of two layers of fat particles with proteins embedded within it. some of these proteins act as channels through which substances can enter or leave the cell

Question 25

Why does Living things depend on Diffusion?

Answer 25

Living things depend on Diffusion to move substances into and out of the cell

Question 26

Why does Plant cells depend on Osmosis?

Answer 26

Plant cells depend on Osmosis to maintain Turgor Pressure