CH 5. The Skeleton System Flashcards by Camilo Franco

Functions of the skeletal system (5)

1) Support
2) Protection
3) Minerals
4) Blood
5) MOVEMENT

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The Skeleton System consists of Connective Tissue (3)

1) Bone
2) Ligaments -Dense fibrous connective tissues
3) Cartilage - fibres of collagen and elastin in a gel matrix

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Bones are 90% ___ and 10% ____

matrix and cells

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The Extracellular matrix for bones contains (4)

1) Protein
2) Collagen
3) Calcium & Phosphate
4) Water

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The cell in bones contain (3)

1) Osteoblast (make bone)
2) Osteoclasts (resorb bone)
3) Osteocytes (mature cells)

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Types of bones (2)

1) Compact bone

2) Spongy bone

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Types of bones - Compact bone (2)

1Harder - Harversain system
2Forms shaft and ends, contains marrow
3. yellow marrow

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Types of bones - Spongy bone (2)

Trabeculae from lattice-like support

2. spaces may contain red marrow

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What holds bones together?

Dense fibrous connective tissue - ligaments

2. attach bone to bone

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What supports bones (not fibrous connective tissue)

Cartilage lends its support under preassure

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What are the types of cartilage (3)

1) Fibrocartilage
2) Hyaline
3) Elastic Cartilage

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Types of cartilage - Fibrocartilage (2)

1) Intrevertebral disk between vertrebreae

2) Menisci in knee joints

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Types of Cartilage - Hyaline (2)

1) Forms embryonic structure which then transforms into bones
2) Covers and protect the ends of bones in joints

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Types of cartilage - Elastic cartilage

Flexible, ears and nose

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What are Fontanels?

Soft spots on top of babies heads. They don’t ossify until months afterwards

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Mature Bone undergoes remodelling and repair- what does remodelling depend on?

Exercise

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Bones can Change in shape, size, and strength

1) Compressive stress stimulates
2) New bone is deposited in areas of high compression
3) Bone is reabsorbed in areas of low compressive strength

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When compression of the bone happens what does it stimulate?

Osteoblast

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What happens to the bone in areas of high compression?

New bone is deposited

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What happens to the bone in areas of low compression?

Bone is reabsorbed

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Bone repair - Bone Fracture? Three steps

1) Hematoma forms -
2) Obsteclast - removes damaged bone
3) Osteoblast deposits new bone
weeks - months

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What is Osteoporosis? What causes it? Who’s most vulnerable to it?

1) Loss of bone mass / overactive or underactive osteoblast. High risk of vertabrae and hip fractures
2) Low vitamin D! Hormones, AGE
3) white old LALALAALDDddiddIDIEEEeesS

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How to prevent Osteoporosis? (2)

Diet

2. Exercise

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Skeleton

The midline of the body

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Skeleton name (3)

1) skull 2) sternum 3) ribs

Appendicular Skeleton (3)

1) Bones of the area of the appendage | 2) Pelvic gridldle, arms, legs`

Axial Skeleton (2)

1) Skull | 2) Hyoid bone - adams apple

The Skull main function

protect the brain

Skull - name 5 cranial bones and visualize them

1) Occipital bone 2) Mandible 3) Maxilla 4) Frontal bone 5) Parietal bone 6) Zygomatic bone- cheek bones

The vertebrae - What's its purpose?

1) Protect the spine

Regions of the Vertebrae (5)

1) Cervical 2) Thoracic 3) Lumbar 4) Sacral 5) Coccygeal

Regions of the Vertebrae - Cervical

Neck - 7 vertebrates

Regions of the Vertebrae - Thoracic

Chest - 12 vertebrates

Regions of the Vertebrae - Lumbar

Lower back - 5 vertebrae

Regions of the Vertebrae - Sacral

5 fused vertebrae

Regions of the Vertebrae - Coccygeal

4 fused vertebrae

What cushions the vertebrae?

intervertebral disks

Herniated area of the spine - what is it?

Intervertebral disk pinched to nerve

Ribs and Sternum job

protects chest cavity

How many pairs does the ribs have?

Out of the 12 rib pairs how many are true, how many are flase, and how many are floating (3)

1) True: 1-7 2) Flase 8-10 3) 11-12 back support

The job of the sternum? (2)

1) protect heart | 2) Protect breastbone

Appendicular Skeleton what does it consist of?

1) Pectoral Griddle - shoulder 2) upper limbs / arms 3) Pelvic Griddle 4) Lowe limbs

Appendicular Skeleton - Pectoral Griddle (2) two parts?

1) Clavicle (Collar's bone) | 2) Scapula (shoulder blade)

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms (5)

1) Humerous 2) Radius & Ulna 3) Carpal bones 4) Metacarpal bones 5) Phalanges

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms - Humerous

Big arm / bicept bone

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms - Radius & Ulna

1) Radius big forearm | 2) Ulna small

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms - Carpal bones

Wrist

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms - Metacarpal

Fingers first half

Appendicular Skeleton: Arms - Phalanges

The second half of the fingers

Appendicular Skeleton: Pelvic Griddle (2)

1) Coxal bone | 2) Sacrum & pubic symphosis

Appendicular Skeleton: Legs (6)

1) Femur 2) Patella 3) Tibia, Fibula 4) Tarsal bone 5) Metatasals 6) Phalanges

Joints (4)

1) Allows for movement 2) Extension/ Flexion 3) Abduction / adduction 4) Circumduction / rotation

Joints - Extension / Flexion (2)

1) Extension - think Hitler solute | 2) Flexion - biceps curl

Joints - Abduction / adduction (2)

1) Abduction arm away from the body, adduction towards your body ex) Think wing exercise for shoulders 2) Adduction - the movement of a limb away from the midline.

Joints - Circumduction (1)

1) Movement of a limb so it describes a cone

Joint - Rotation

Movement of a body around its axis

Joints - Classified by the degree of movement (3)

1) Fibrous joints 2) Cartilaginous joint 3) Synovial joint

Joints - Classified by the degree of movement - Fibrous Joints

1) Moveable | ex) Skull sutures

Joints - Classified by the degree of movement - Cartilaginous joint

1) Slightly moveable cartilage connection | ex) vertebrate joints

Joints - Classified by the degree of movement - Synovial joint

1) Free movable joint | ex) knees

Synovial joints - What are they again?

1) Free movable joints | ex. knees

Synovial joints (2)

1) Joint capsule | 2) Types of synovial joints

Synovial joints - Joint capsule (2)

1) Synovial fluid acts as a lubricant | 2) Hyaline cartilage acts as a cushion

Ligaments, Tendons, and Muscles Stabilize Joint - Ligaments

1) Bone to bone synovial joints ex) acl

Ligaments, Tendons, and Muscles Stabilize Joint - Tendons

Attach muscle to bone - achillies tendon

Joint disorders (3)

1) Sprains 2) Bursitis or tenitis 3) Dislocation

Joint disorders - Sprains (2)

1) Stretched or torn ligaments | 2) Heal SLOW

Joint disorders - Bursitis or tenitis (1)

1) Inflammation of bursae or tendons

Joint disorders - Dislocation

1) out of the socket

What is Arthritis? (2)

Inflammation of the joints | 2. loss of cartilage

What is the most common Arthritis?

1. Osteoarthritis

CH 5. The Skeleton System Flashcards

(72 cards)