Respitory

Question 1

What are the functions of the Respiratory system (4)

Answer 1

1) Gas exchange
2) PH control
3) Vocalization
4) Temperature control

Question 2

Respiratory process (4)

Answer 2

1) Ventilation
2) External Respiration
3) Internal Respiration
4) Cellular Respiration

Question 3

Respiratory process - Ventilation

Answer 3

Moving air in and out of lungs

Question 4

Respiratory process - External Respiratory

Answer 4

Gas exchange between blood and LUNGS

Question 5

Respiratory process - Internal Respiration

Answer 5

Gas exchange between blood and tissues

Question 6

Respiratory process - Cellular respiration

Answer 6

Oxygen used to produce ATP, with CO2 as the waste (GAS TRANSPORT)

Question 7

Respiratory process - Steps of external respiration (4)

Answer 7

1) Ventilation or gas exchange between the air sacs (alveoli) and atmosphere
2) Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the air in the alveoli and the blood
3) Transport of O2 and CO2 between the lungs and the tissues
4) Exchange of O2 and Co2 between the blood and the tissues

Question 8

Lungs (2)

Answer 8

1) Within the pleural cavity (membrane of lungs)

2) The organ in the respiratory system

Question 9

The Respiratory Tract (2)

Answer 9

1) Upper respiratory tract

2) Lower respiratory tract

Question 10

The Respiratory Tract - Upper respiratory tract (2)

Answer 10

1) Nose
2) Pharynx
3) sinuses

Question 11

The Respiratory Tract - Lower respiratory tract (5)

Answer 11

1) Larynx
2) Trachea
3) Bronchi
4) Lungs
5) Alveoli

Question 12

Upper respiratory tract - the function of nose and pharynx

Answer 12

1) Filters particles from the air
2) Vocal resonating chambers
3) smells reception

Question 13

Upper respiratory tract - Larynx (2)

Answer 13

1) Epiglottis - stops food from entering the trachea

2) Vocal cords - sound production

Question 14

Lower Respiratory Tract - Trachea (3)

Answer 14

1) Wind Pipe
2) traps foreign
3) Cough reflex

Question 15

Upper respiratory tract - Bronchioles (3)

Answer 15

1) Smaller branches
2) Controls airflow
3) Smooth Muscle

Question 16

Upper respiratory tract - Alveoli (3)

Answer 16

1) Site of gas exchange
2) High surface area
3) Air sacs

Question 17

Describe Ventilation (2)

Answer 17

1) Airflow requires a pressure gradient

2) Boyles Law

Question 18

Ventilation - Boyles Law - (2)

Answer 18

1) If the volume of space increases then pressure decreases

2) If the volume of space decreases then pressure increases

Question 19

Describe Inspiration (3)

Answer 19

1) Contraction of inspirational muscles
2) Increases chest volume
3) Draw air along the gradient

Question 20

Inspiration - what happens in the contraction of the inspirational muscles

Answer 20

1) Ribs lift and diagram drops

Question 21

Expiration (4)

Answer 21

(1) Relaxation of inspiratory muscles
2) Chest volume decreases
3) Lung pressure increases above atmospheric pressure
4) Air moves along the gradient

Question 22

Forced Inspiration (3)

Answer 22

1) Deeper Breathe
2) Need a bigger gradient
3) Accessory muscles contract

Question 23

Forced Expiration (3)

Answer 23

1) Contract internal intercostal
2) Contract abdominals
3) A greater decrease in volume - more air out

Question 24

What is Pneumothorax?

Answer 24

A collapsed lung that cannot function normally - think knife to the lung

Question 25

Lung Volumes (4)

Answer 25

1) Tidal volume - air moved on a quiet breath - 500ml 2) Expiratory reserve - Extra air you could breathe out if needed -1,200ml 3) Inspirational Reserve - extra air you could breathe in if you needed to - 3000ml 4) Vital Capacity - max air you could move - 5or6 L

Question 26

LUNG VOLUME GRAPH

Answer 26

REFER TO NOTES RESIDUAL VOLUME EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME VITAL CAPACITY INSPIRATIONAL RESERVE VOLUME

Question 27

What controls breathing? (1)

Answer 27

Chemoreceptors

Question 28

Control breathing - Chemoreceptors - how do they react to control breathing? (4)

Answer 28

1) If CO2or H+ increase a) Chemoreceptors begin to fire b) Medulla triggers inspirational muscles c) Breathe in - reduces co2 and or h+ d) O2 is NOT a normal trigger for breathing

Question 29

What controls breathing - Chemoreceptors - name 1 function and where it takes place

Answer 29

1) Monitors blood gases | 2) Carotids, Aortic Arch, Medulla

Question 30

Where does Gas Transport occur?

Answer 30

1) Alveoli | 2) In the tissues

Question 31

Gas Transport - Alveoli (2)

Answer 31

1) O2 moves along the gradient into the blood | 2) CO2 moves from the blood into alveoli

Question 32

Gas Transport - In the tissues(2)

Answer 32

1) O2 moves along the gradien into the tissue | 2) CO2 moves from tissue to blood

Question 33

How is 98% of oxygen transported

Answer 33

via haemoglobin

Question 34

Haemoglobin - what dictates the amount used

Answer 34

depending on oxygen concentation

Question 35

How is CO2 transported

Answer 35

In the Plasma Bicarbonate

Question 36

What is the Pulmonary Test? (2)

Answer 36

1) Lung Volume | 2) Forced Expiration

Question 37

Name two restrictive diseases in respiratory medicine and what do they do (3)

Answer 37

1) Build of collagen fibres - harder to breath IN 2) Fibrosis 3) Mesotheleuim

Question 38

Obstructive diseases what is it and name 2 diseases

Answer 38

1) Harder to breath OUT | 2) Emphysema - the breakdown of connective tissue

Question 39

What causes Emphysema and what is it? (3)

Answer 39

1) Tar 2) Chemicals 3) Make it harder to breathe out

Question 40

Asthma what is it and what causes it?

Answer 40

1) Allergens irritate the bronchioles | 2) High mucus production

Question 41

Diseases of the Bronchi and Lungs - what is it called and what is one symptom

Answer 41

1) Bronchitis - aint nobody got time fo dad 2) Mucus production 3) A shit ton of coughing

Question 42

Microorganisms Can Cause Respiratory Disorders (2)

Answer 42

1) Upper respiratory infections - colds and flues 2) Pneumonia - infection of lungs 3) Tuberculosis - bacteria infection which scars the lungs

Question 43

Lung Cancer (2)

Answer 43

1) Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells | 2) Impairs airflow, gas exchange, blood flow

Question 44

smoking(3)

Answer 44

lose 9 years of life | 1) Damages cilia

Question 45

Cardiovascular diseases caused by smoking

Answer 45

1) Heart failure 2) Hypertension 3) ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

Question 46

Respiratory diseases caused by smoking

Answer 46

1) Asthma 2) Pneumonia 3) Tuberculosis

Question 47

Vaping (2)

Answer 47

1) Less Carbon monoxide inhaled | 2) Not healthier than smoking

Question 48

MARIJUANA WHAT TWO CANNABINOIDS DOES IT HAVE?

Answer 48

1) CBD | 2) THC

Question 49

MARIJUANA EFFECTS THC

Answer 49

1) Decrease in neurons and brain size if smoked before 17 | 2) Lower sperm count