Ch 6 Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
What activity is under the influence of parathormone
A
Osteoclast Activity
2
Q
What type of bone is relatively thin, spongy bone found within layers of compact bone
A
flat bones
3
Q
how flat bones of skull & the clavicles are formed
A
Intramembranous Ossification
4
Q
: cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
A
sinus
5
Q
narrow, slit-like opening (orbit of skull)
A
fissure
6
Q
epiphyseal plate becomes epiphyseal line at ?
A
adulthood (18-21)
7
Q
fill gaps between forming osteons
A
interstitial lamellae
8
Q
This type of cartilage is found where flexability is most needed
A
Skeletal Cartilage
9
Q
ragged, twisting break (sports injury)
A
spiral
10
Q
This double-layered membrane is on the surface of bone. Has many nerve fibers and blood vessels
A
periosteum
11
Q
These bones are cube-like and compact
A
short bones
12
Q
Bones with relatively complex shapes are known as?
A
irregular bones
13
Q
fracture breaks through the skin
A
open or compound fracture
14
Q
Elastic cartilage of external ear?
A
pinna
15
Q
Fibrocartilage found on the pads of the knee
A
menisci
16
Q
This type of cartilage covers bone ends
A
articular cartilage
17
Q
What step in Intramembranous Ossification is this?
in fetus, select mesenchymal cells form osteoblasts
A
1
18
Q
small rounded
projection or process
A
tubercle
19
Q
This is a type of cartilage growth that forms from the outside (from perichondrium)
A
appositional growth
20
Q
Where is bone removal during appositional growth?
A
endosteum: osteoclasts remove bone matrix
21
Q
What step in Intramembranous Ossification is this?
trapped osteoblasts become osteocytes (in lacunae)
A
4
22
Q
narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent (ilium)
A
crest
23
Q
This mass of clotted blood may form at fracture site
A
hematoma
24
Q
small canals that connect lacunae to each other and to the central canal
A
canaliculi
25
bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
head
26
This type skeletal cartilage consists of many elastin fibers. Flexibility most important characteristic.
Elastic Cartilage
27
This structure of bone has shaft of bone;long axis of long bone;has thick collar of compact bone
Diaphysis
28
These are places for attachment or joints on bone
Bone Projections
29
This type of skeletal cartilage has parallel rows of chondrocytes that alternate with collagen. It can be compressed, has high tensile strength, and can be found in areas of high presasure
Fibrocartilage
30
abnormal projection from a bone due to bone overgrowth
bone spur
31
growth hormone stimulates ?
growth in childhood
32
remnant of epiphyseal plate in adults
epiphyseal line
33
internal bone surface (next to medullary cavity), covers spongy bone in marrow cavities, also has osteoblasts & osteoclasts
endosteum
34
rounded articular projection
condyle
35
narrow ridge of bone, smaller than a crest
line
36
sex hormone promote?
promote growth spurt, induce epiphyseal plate closure
37
Elastic cartilage of the opening of the larynx
epiglottis
38
What step in Intramembranous Ossification is this?
osteoblasts form ossification center, secreting osteoid
2
39
canal-like body opening
meatus
40
type of reduction by surgeon using pins or wires or screws
open reduction
41
These are the ends of bones covered by articular cartilage
Epiphysis
42
Where is bone being produced during by appositional bone growth?
periosteum: osteoblasts secrete bone matrix
43
fracture if broken all the way through
complete fracture
44
What step in Endochondral Ossification happens when "area of future diaphysis starting with hyaline cartilage model"
1 Primary ossification center
45
These are found at right angles to osteon and allow for blood and nerve supply
perforating (Volkmann's) canals
46
negative feedback; antagonistic hormones
Hormonal control
47
This type of cartilage has spherical collagen fibers in its matrix, and is the most abundant skeletal cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
48
arm-like bar of bone
ramus
49
excess growth hormone in adults
acromegaly
50
thyroid hormon regulate?
activity of growth hormone
51
This is found around entire shaft, resist twisting of bone
circumferential lamellae
52
collagen fibers that sew fibrous layer of periosteum into bone matrix
Sharpey's (perforating) fibers
53
any bony prominence
process
54
realignment of the broken bone ends is called?
reduction
55
connects ribs to sternum
costal cartilage
56
Fibrocartilage found between coxae (hip bones)
pubic symphysis
57
furrow of bone is called?
groove
58
These are cartilage cells;
found in lacunae within extracellular matrix
chondrocytes
59
bone remodeling and deposition osteoblasts need proteins and vitamins, under influence of calcitonin hormone
Osteoblast Activity
60
Fibrocartilage found between vertebrae
intervertebral discs
61
What part of Endochondral Ossification is this? "occurs at the epiphyses: some of the cartilagenous precursor is retained as an epiphyseal plate"
Secondary ossification
62
Fracture where broken ends poke inward
depressed
63
This is found through the center of an osteon;
contains blood vessels and nerves
Haversian (central) canal
64
Bones of arms & legs; pectoral and pelvic girdles. These are found in what part of the skeleton?
Appendicular Skeleton
65
fracture where bone is crushed (osteoporosis)
compression fracture
66
Healing time of a fracture is usually ?
6-12 weeks
67
Fracture where broken ends are forced into each
impacted
68
concentric layers of extracellular matrix
lamellae
69
These bones are longer than they are wider
long bones
70
Haversian system: elongated cylinders parallel
to long axis of bone
osteon
71
smooth, nearly flat articular surface
facet
72
What step in Intramembranous Ossification is this?
ossification occurs slowly within the osteoid matrix
3
73
not enough growth hormone or thyroid hormones is called?
dwarfism
74
Membrane arround cartilage?
perichondrium
75
These are mature bone cells in lacunae
osteocytes
76
bone is constantly remodeled and repaired
this is called?
Bone Homeostasis
77
This is mostly water, makes it springy; also hasd proteins & fibers
cartilage
78
Supports body, protects, organs, moves muscles, has mineral storage, and Hematopoiesis. These are functions of ?
bone
79
What layer of periosteum has dense irregular connective tissue.
outer fibrous layer
80
Fracture if it breaks across the axis
transverse
81
This inorganic component provides strength to bones
calcium phosphate
82
openings in bone for nerve fibers, blood vessels & lymphatic vessels
nutrient foramen
83
This type of cartilage growth happens between cells
interstitial growth
84
defective cartilage; limbs too short; head too large
achondroplasia
85
excessive growth hormone is known as?
gigantism
86
Cartilage that forms the larynx
laryngeal cartilage
87
fracture if it break parallels long axis
linear
88
Cartilage that reinforces respiratory tubes
tracheal and bronchial cartilage
89
cartilaginous area that provides for bone lengthening during growth
epiphyseal plate
90
These locations long axis of body, skull, vertebral column and rib cage indicate what location of the skeleton?
Axial Skeleton
91
large, blunt, irregularly shaped process
trochanter
92
bowed legs, deformed pelvis, skull & rib cage
rickets
93
: round or oval opening through a bone
foramen
94
Cartilage that supports external nose
nasal cartilages
95
rate of cartilage growth is balanced by
replacement with bone
96
inside area of bone with open spaces
spongy bone (trabecular bone)
97
sandwich shaped flat bone rich in blood marrow
diploë
98
. end of growth as mitosis in cartilage cells slows down?
during puberty
99
bone resorption faster than replacement
osteoporosis
100
This cavity is filled with yellow marrow
Medullary Cavity
101
: large rounded projection
tuberosity
102
how most human bones are formed - bone tissue replaces a hyaline cartilage model
Endochondral Ossification
103
: cast or traction to hold in place to allow healing
immobilize
104
Name the layer of the periosteum that has osteoblasts and osteoclasts
inner osteogenic layer
105
bones grow in length by
interstitial growth at epiphyseal plates
106
break down & resorption of bone
Osteoclast Activity
107
This is known as bone formation; includes: ossification, bone development, remodeling and repair
Osteogenesis
108
soft bones, lack of calcium, vitamin D, pain
osteomalacia
109
: sharp, slender, pointed projection
spine
110
shallow, basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
fossa
111
raised area on or above a condyle
epicondyle
112
Fracture where there is a break along a growth plate in growing child
epiphyseal
113
bone breaks incompletely when there is a greater percentage of organic matter in bone (children), common football injury
greenstick
