Test 2 Flashcards by Matt Higuera

This is the prominent bump at base of neck

vertebra prominens

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These are the bones ends

Epiphysis

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Provides an attachment for temporal muscle on mandible

coronoid process

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This layer of spongy bone that is rich in red marrow (produces rbc’s) is called?

diploë

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cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapula, are examples of what type of bones?

flat bones

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This part of the humerous is know as the “pulley”

trochlea

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This is found between the tubercles, for passage of tendon from biceps

intertubercular groove

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What is the internal bone surface (next to medullary cavity) called?

endosteum

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This is?

alveolar process

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medial border

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Sutures where extra bones where cranial plates are formed

wormian

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attaches muscles of tongue and neck

styloid process

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What is the midline of supraorbital ridge called?

glabella

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This is?

ischium

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C3 -C6 the spinous process is forked and looks like a snakes tounge

bifid

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What is number 9?

Diaphysis

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These are small rounded and flat bones

sesamoid

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blue is?

medial phalanges

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This is ?

nasal bone

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A is ?

acromial end

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ischial ramus

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Inorganic materials primarily calcium salts are apart of what bone function?

Mineral Storage

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“cap placed”, where radius articulates

capitulum

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F is the?

trochlea

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Number 28 is ?

parietal bones

Slide 5 CH 6 pt 2

This type of hyaline cartilage supports external nose

nasal cartilages

pad of fibrocartilage connecitng ishium

pubic symphysis

What is the double-layered membrane on surface of bone with many nerve fibers and blood vessels

periosteum

"the thinker", nerves and blood vessels to lower lip, chin

mental foramen

What is the long axis of the body that includes most bones that enclose organs

Axial skeleton

cheek bones

zygomatic bones

Number three is?

cribriform plate

23 is?

anterior superior iliac spines

This is found on the forontal bone and allows for arteries and nerves to pass through the parietal bone

supraorbital foramen

This vertabra does not have a spinous process

Atlas

coracoid process

These\_\_\_\_ irregular bones that make up the face are called?

14, facial bones

known as the thumb

pollex

humerus

pubis

clavicle

What are two areas where Elastic Cartilage can be found

a. pinna- external ear b. epiglottis - helps cover opening of larynx during swallowing

"plow", base of nasal septum

vomer

This is?

maxilla

bump on back of head

external occipital protuberance

form cranial floor and part of the orbits

greater and lesser wings

"hides behind mandible", not attached to other bones, movable base for the tongue attachment

hyoid bone

articulates with temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

mandibular condyle

form the hinge joint with the humerus

trochlear or semilunar notch

G is?

neck

The black arrow is pointing to?

annulus fibrosus

This type of hyaline cartilage can be found connects ribs to sternum

costal cartilage

A is?

greater wing

C is

greater tubercle

Name these structures

occipital condyles

"sword like" landmark during CPR

xiphoid process

Five is?

middle conchae

What is the front part of lower jaw

body of the mandible

What are the five functions of bones?

support, protection, movement, Mineral Storage, and Hematopoiesis

honey-combed area of ethmoid bone

left and right lateral masses and ethmoid sinuses

This is the?

Pelvic girdle

Name the bones in the Axial Skeleton

skull, vertebral column and rib cage

arm or brachium, "funny bone“

humerus

These are immovable joints with fibrous connective tissue

sutures

C is?

vertebral foramen

The inner layer of the periosteum is called the?

osteogenic layer

attaches deltoid muscle on shaft of humerous

deltoid tuberosity

This is ?

mandibular notch

for air turbulence in nasal cavity

inferior nasal concha

ribs 8-12 are?

false ribs

Number 4 is?

Medullary Cavity

These are the steps in ? ## Footnote 1. in fetus, select mesenchymal cells form osteoblasts 2. osteoblasts form ossification center, secreting osteoid 3. ossification occurs slowly within the osteoid matrix 4. trapped osteoblasts become osteocytes (in lacunae)

Intramembranous Ossification

sacral hiatus

This is?

ischial spine

a.where you're sitting, where walking muscles attach

ischial tuberosity

A is?

coronoid fossa

The outer layer of the periosteum is madeup of what type of dense connective tissue?

dense irregular connective tissue

Cartilage: mostly ____________ ; makes it \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_; also has proteins and fibers

water, springy

breast bone, looks like a "Greek dagger"

sternum

This part of the axial skeleton protects brain and guards entrance to digestive and respiratory system

skull

This is found around entire shaft and helps to resist twisting of bone

circumferential lamellae

attachment points for muscles on illium

superior iliac spines

hematopoiesis is the formation of ?

red blood cells

head of radius

This cartilage has parallel rows of chondrocytes alternate with collagen

Fibrocartilage

This region goes through the center of the osteon; contains blood vessels and nerves

Haversian canal

1st step in Endochondral Ossification

Starts in the diaphysis known as the Primary ossification center

Name purple region

xiphoid process

Area in spine where there is no intervertebral disc

Between Atlas and Axis or C1 and C2

This lines the interior of the medulary cavity?

endosteum

This is for for blood vessels and nerves found between S1-S5

sacral foramen

form cheekbones with zygomatic bone

zygomatic processes of maxilla

Name colored region

parietal bones

A medical procedure where there is a tap usually done between L3 and L4

lumbar puncture: spinal tap

Desnse bone is called

compact bone

passage for the sciatic nerve on illium

greater sciatic notch

This spinous processes is long and points down sharply

thoracic

Name this

styloid process

This is called the "cock's comb", attaches dura mater, secures brain

crista galli

capitulum

This is growth of cartilage from (between cells) - chondrocytes within growth area secrete matrix between cells

interstitial growth

external ear canal

external auditory meatus

connects the radius and ulna

interosseous membrane

What is number 8 ?

Proximal Epiphysis

Connective tissues are composed of cells surrounded by a ?

extracellular matrix

This type of cartilage helps with support, flexibility and resilience.

Hyaline Cartilage

gap in back between S4 and S5

sacral hiatus

hyoid bone

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cartilage has spherical _________ fibers in its matrix and is the most abundant \_\_\_cartilage

hyaline, collagen, skeletal

“big hole” for spinal cord

foramen magnum

notch for for nerve passage

suprascapular notch

This is?

mandibular condyle

This is?

mandibular fossa

styloid process of radius

The red arrow is pointing to?

nucleus pulposus

calcaneous and patellae are two examples of what type of bone

sesamoid

B is?

lateral epicondyles

This opening in the bone allows for nerve fibers, blood vessels & lymphatic vessels to interior of the bone

nutrient foramen

What are the three long bones of the legs ?

femur, tibia, fibula

holds teeth in place

alveolar process

A-D

scaphoid, lunate, triquetal, pisiform (Sally left the party)

rotates around the ulna

radius

Name of swayback?

lordosis

"Ole's crayon", cavity in back of elbow

olecrannon fossa

largest of the 3 fused coxic bones

ilium

Suture across the top of the head, parietal/frontal

coronal

lateral area of scapula articulates with humerus

glenoid fossa

part of vertebrae with "centrum" this is also weight bearing

vertebral body

lower jaw, largest, strongest bone of the face

mandible

This type of bone has inside areas of bone with open spaces

spongy bone (trabecular bone

These turbinates help air move in nose

superior and middle conchae

What is an example of a short bone found in the wrist?

carpal

These are little beams that strengthen areas of stress found in spongy bone

trabeculae

acetabulum

acromion process

anchors the biceps muscle found on radius

radial tuberosity

What is the name of this suture?

squamosal

this bone stands on its head

head of ulna

inferior nasal concha

inflammation of connective tissues squeeze tendons and median nerve causing pain, and loss of mobility

carpal tunnel syndrome

What is the name of this suture?

coronal suture

part of radius that is knob-like, a head on a nail

head

small bone at the base of the pelvis

pubis

A is?

body

These are found on the humerus for muscle attachment

greater and lesser tubercles

shoulder blades, flat side near ribs

scapula

This is called?

sella turcica

This is?

infraorbital foramen

Ilium

palatine bones

articulates with palatine bone to form hard palate

palatine process

These are paired walls of the cranium

parietal bones

hematopoiesis is found in flat bones but it is also found in irregualr bones such as the ?

, coxae

What are the two long bones of the hands?

metacarpals & phalanges

pectoral girdle

"Turkish saddle" holds pituitary; upper part of body

sella turcica

"beyond the carpals" palm of hand, heads make knuckles

metacarpals

This is the shaft of the long bone?

Diaphysis

"extreme end of the spine", fastens to clavicle

acromion process

F is?

deltoid tuberosity

What is the remnant of epiphyseal plate in adults

epiphyseal line

periosteum has what two layers

outer and inner layers

What is this called?

foramen magnum

sternum body

This is where olfactory nerves pass through holes

cribriform plate

What is this called?

zygomatic process of temporal bone

Open porous bone is called

spongy bone

pterodactyl, attach muscles for chewing

pterygoid processes

Spongy bone is filled with\_\_\_\_\_\_\_marrow

red

This is a fat found in the Medullary Cavity

yellow marrow

keystone of face

maxilla

head of ulna

"near little finger" "crescent wrench"

ulna

Found in C1-C6 this allows blood vessels to travel the brain

transverse foramen

This is the forarm

antebrachium

This forms vertebral canal for spinal cord

vertebral foramen

This type of bone is found in high stress areas?

compact bone

There are low levels of hematopoiesis found in these areas of spongy bone

heads of femur and humerus

"slipped disc", rupture of annulus fibrosus and protrusion of pulposus, causes pain/numbness, presses on the spinal cord or spinal nerves

herniated disc

This type of hyaline cartilage reinforce respiratory tubes

bronchial cartilage

This is?

mandibular foramen

vertebral column

Names these bones

zygomatic bones

Name number 8

Forntal bone

sternum

how most human bones are formed

Endochondral Ossification

articulates with ribs 2-7

sternum body

D is?

spinous process

immovable joints with fibrous connective tissue

sutures

sacral foramen

This lambdoidal suture is found around the edge of the temporal bone

squamosal

Suture around the edge of the temporal bone

squamosal

This is the membrane around cartilage

perichondrium

This is called

pterygoid processes

"handle" articulates with first rib, has a jugular notch

manubrium

joint for jaw (TMJ) jaw; “clicks”

mandibular fossa

D is ?

body

This type of bone has a relatively complex shape

irregular bones

This is?

mandible

This type of cartilage is characterized as having more elastin fibers

Elastic Cartilage

separates the coronoid process and mandibular condyle

mandibular notch

Name for hunchback?

kyphosis

This is ?

lacrimal bones

superior border

rim around base of head

neck

These are mature bone cells in lacunae

osteocytes

This is ?

zygomatic processes of maxilla

part of nasal septum, "deviated septum" when not straight

perpendicular plate

Posterior portion of mandible with several features

ramus

Name this

temporal bone

H is?

olecrannon fossa

This is growth of cartilage from the outside (from perichondrium)

appositional growth

This "pulp", gives elasticity and compressibiltiy to . intervertebral discs

nucleus pulposus

have lacrimal fossa: tear duct drains into nasal cavity

lacrimal bones

2 fused coxae or innominate bones

Pelvic girdle

form bridge of nose

nasal bones

Blood cell formation in red bone marrow is called?

Hematopoiesis

This part of bone fills gaps between forming osteons

interstitial lamellae

ulna

This area of a long bone has a thick collar of compact bone

Diaphysis

What is this structure?

external occipital protuberance

The most active area for hematopoiesis is in the?

diploë

What is the cartilaginous area that provides for bone lengthening during growth

epiphyseal plate

attaches to the pubis

ischial ramus

5 is ?

ala

collagen fibers that sew fibrous layer of periosteum into bone matrix

Sharpey's fibers

Bone of the forhead

frontal bone

E-H

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (to take Cathy home)

Suture found on top of head, parietals

sagittal

Vertebral bones are examples of what type of bones?

irregular bones

The ilium, ishium, pubis are all irregular bones of the ?

pelvis

openign allows for arteries and nerves to pass

supraorbital foramen 34

inferior part of notch (coronoid - ulna)

coronoid process

hard palate

palatine bones

Number 2 is ?

left lateral mass

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral are all called lumbar?

curvatures

Ribs 11 and 12 are?

floating ribs

green is?

proximal phalanges

What are the three types of cartilage?

Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage

B is?

lesser wing

Know as your fingers

phalanges

This type of ossification includes how flat bones of skull & the clavicles are formed; formation of flat bones from fibrous tissue; occurs in layers

Intramembranous Ossification

glenoid fossa

These are cartilage cells; found in lacunae within extracellular matrix

chondrocytes

These are found at right angles to osteons, for blood and nerve supply

perforating (Volkmann's) canals

This is the pivot for the altas found on the axis

odontoid process or dens

Spongy bone produces?

red blood cells

stabilizes medial side of wrist

styloid process

What are the three long bones of the arm

humerus, radius, ulna

The bones of the Appendicular Skeleton include ?

bones of arms & legs; pectoral and pelvic girdles

When bone cartilge forms and a cavity begins to form in center of cartilage model this is what part of Endochondral Ossification?

Primary ossification

where dentists inject Novocain

mandibular foramen

small canals that connect lacunae to each other and to the central canal

canaliculi

The primary role of this cartilage is flexability

Elastic Cartilage

Name this

transverse foramen

diploë is found sandwiched between compact bone in what type of bone?

flat bone

What is the name for bone formation that includes ossification, bone development, remodeling and repair?

Osteogenesis

Hematopoietic Tissues is what is reffered to as?

red bone marrow

Number 1 is?

Crista gali

lateral curvature

scoliosis

This is?

mastoid process

This is?

interveterbral foramen

you can sometimes see sinuses on dental x-rays

maxillary sinus needs pic

"vinegar cup", joint with femur

acetabulum

Name three places where fibrocartialge can be found

menisci (pads) of knee pubic symphysis-between coxae (hip bones) intervertebral discs- between vertebrae

22 is?

greater sciatic notch

Six is?

perpendicular plate

What is an example of a short bone found in the ankle?

tarsals

concentric layers of extracellular matrix found within osteons

lamellae

Name this location

interveterbral foramen

lateral border

This type of ossification is how most human bones are formed - bone tissue replaces a hyaline cartilage model

Endochondral Ossification

osteoblasts and osteoclasts are found in what layer of the periosteum?

Inner inner osteogenic layer

Name number 9

glabella

flaring upper part of the ilium

ala

"beak of cuckoobird", vestigial tailbone, fused 3-5 bones

coccyx

B is?

vertebral "neural" arch

3 triangular borders of scapula

superior, medial, lateral

radial tuberosity

This part of humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa

head of humerus

Orange is?

distal phalanges

very mobile, not very strong part of appendicular skeleton

pectoral girdle

The outer menbrane of bone is called?

periosteum

bone tissue replaces a hyaline cartilage model

Endochondral Ossification

What is the name of this suture?

sagittal suture

What is a long bone in the axial skeleton?

clavicles

Green area is?

trochlear or semilunar notch

This part of the long bone is covered by articular cartilage

Epiphysis

D is?

sternal end

These are internal air filled chambers that make bones lighter and have a mucus membrane lining

frontal sinuses

olecranon process

This suture may contain wormian bones, occipital/parietal

lambdoidal

distal carpals

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (to take Cathy home)

This is found between orbits, above nose

ethmoid bone

Name this bone

occipital bone

relatively thin, spongy bone found within layers of compact bone

flat bones

Bone where hair turns white first

temporal bone

Bone that is known as "butterfly", keystone, sinuses

sphenoid bone

coccyx

coronoid process of ulna

posterior point of the elbow

olecranon process

Name this

sphenoid bone

Elongated cylinders parallel to long axis of bone are called?

osteons

internal air filled chambers, make bones lighter, mucus membrane lining

frontal sinuses

opening below the eye for nerve and artery

infraorbital foramen

These are extra bones as cranial plates are formed

wormian

This type of hyaline cartilage forms the larynx

laryngeal cartilage

This type of hyaline cartilage can be found covering the end of bones

articular cartilage

D is?

lesser tubercles

styloid process

small wrist bones

carpals

Bone on the back of the head

occipital bone

obturator foramen

suprascapular notch

ring of "fibers" surrounds pulposus in intervertebral discs

annulus fibrosus

"clavichord" means key

clavicle

This articulates with 1st vertebra

occipital condyles

These bones form the wall of the cranium (sides and back)

parietal bones

ischial tuberosity

flexible irregular bones that protect the spinal column

vertebral column or spine

proximal carpals

scaphoid, lunate, triquetal, pisiform (Sally left the party)

Known as the tuch

ischium

E is?

facets

4 is?

iliac crest

name this

vertebra prominens

stabilizes wrist under thumb found on radius

styloid process

Ribs 1-7 are

ture ribs

What is lacking in cartilage?

nerves and blood vessels

vomer

What are the two long bones of the feet?

metatarsals & phalanges

This includes the skull yet excluding the mandible; includes flat bones that protect and contain the brain, and the bones of the facial skeleton

cranium

A is?

head of humerus

What is the name of this suture?

Lambdoid suture

These vertabrae articulate with the ribs through demifacets

thoracic

"crow's beak" where pectoralis muscle attaches

coracoid process

This is ?

coronoid process

articulates with the zygomatic bone, cheek bone

zygomatic process

Skeletal Cartilage is found where what movment is needed?

flexability

This is?

mental foramen

This is called?

external auditory meatus

3 is?

metacarpals

The central cavity of the long bone is the?

Medullary Cavity

Blue area is?

interosseous membrane

"massive" behind ear; anchors neck muscles

mastoid process

end of ridge (posterior) of scapula

spinous process

This internal membrane of bone covers spongy bone in marrow cavities

endosteum

Name this

pterygoid processes

a. can be compressed b. great tensile strength c. found in areas of high pressure These are all characteristics of what type of cartilage

fibrocartilage

This is?

ramus

funny bone (ulnar nerve)

lateral epicondyles

midline of supraorbital ridge

glabella 9

Four is?

ethmoid sinuses

These are known as shock absorbers

intervertebral discs

What is number 10 ?

Distal Epiphysis

E is?

intertubercular groove

This part of the hand only has two phalanges

pollex