Ch 9

Question 1

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 1

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 2

What are the five functions of muscles?

Answer 2

1. move bones
2. open sphincters
3. generate heat
4. maintain posture
5. stabilize joints

Question 3

Which muscle type do we have voluntary control of?

Answer 3

skeletal

Question 4

This type of muscle tissue is striated, voluntary; usually attached to skeleton (except sphincters)

Answer 4

Skeletal Muscle

Question 5

This type of muslce tissue is: striated, involuntary, intercalated disks connect cytoplasm of cells; found in heart

Answer 5

Cardiac Muscle

Question 6

not striated, involuntary; found in walls of hollow organs (visceral organs)

Answer 6

Smooth Muscle

Question 7

What two types of muscles are striated?

Answer 7

Skeletal and Cardiac

Question 8

What type of muslce tissue is multinucleated?

Answer 8

Skeletal

Question 9

What two types of muscle tissue has a single nucelus?

Answer 9

Smooth and Cardiac

Question 10

What do muscles do when they are stimulated?

Answer 10

contract

Question 11

When a muscle is said to be excited this a responce to?

Answer 11

a stimulius or envronmental change

Question 12

If a muscle is stretched passivly this is called?

Answer 12

extend

Question 13

This is when muscles return to their resting length after being shortened?

Answer 13

elastic

Question 14

Muscle movement is a result of muslce?

Answer 14

contraction

Question 15

red pigment - stores oxygen in muscle (as opposed to hemoglobin in blood)

Answer 15

myoglobin

Question 16

stored glucose (energy) in muscle

Answer 16

glycogen

Question 17

Glucose and oxygen combine to make?

Answer 17

ATP

Question 18

skeletal muscle is considered an

Answer 18

organ

Question 19

This surrounds each muscle fiber ?

Answer 19

endomysium

Question 20

This surrounds a fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers)?

Answer 20

perimysium

Question 21

fibrous connective tissue that surrounds entire muscle

Answer 21

epimysium

Question 22

coarse fibrous tissue that organizes muscle into functional groups; gives rise to tendons

Answer 22

fascia

Question 23

Muscles have two types of attachmetns to fascia?

Answer 23

Indirect and direct

Question 24

Tendons and aponeurosis are two ways to that muscle can attach to the fascia. These are know as____ attachments?

Answer 24

indirect

Question 25

A _______ is where the epimysium is fused to the periosteum (bone) or to the perichondrium (cartilage)

Answer 25

direct attachment

Question 26

What attaches to less movable part of the bone

Answer 26

orgin

Question 27

What attaches to a more movable part of the bone?

Answer 27

Insertion

Question 28

A muscle fiber is also know as a ?

Answer 28

muscle cell

Question 29

cell membrane of muscle cell?

Answer 29

Sarcolemma

Question 30

cytoplasm of muscle cell is called?

Answer 30

Sarcoplasm

Question 31

What are the bundles of proteins in a muscle cell called?

Answer 31

myofibrils

Question 32

repeating sections of myofibrils are called?

Answer 32

sarcomeres

Question 33

Each sarcomere contains thick and thin?

Answer 33

filaments

Question 34

Thick filaments in sarcomeres are called?

Answer 34

myosin

Question 35

Thin filaments in sarcomeres are called?

Answer 35

actin

Question 36

Elastic filaments in sarcomeres are called?

Answer 36

titin

Question 37

Thick filaments slide past thin filaments during\_\_\_\_\_?

Answer 37

Contraction

Question 38

Myosin filaments ______ form cross- bridges to attach to actin , so that ________ can occur

Answer 38

heads, contraction

Question 39

protein that blocks active sites of actin, preventing cross-bridging

Answer 39

tropomyosin

Question 40

When the actin and myosin can attach this is called?

Answer 40

actin-myosin cross-bridging

Question 41

when Ca2+ attaches to\_\_\_\_\_\_, it moves tropomyosin out of the way

Answer 41

troponin

Question 42

system of tubules around each myofibril, regulates Ca2+ levels

Answer 42

sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

Question 43

invaginations of the sarcolemma that go deeply into the myofibrils

Answer 43

Transverse or T-tubules

Question 44

activation of myosin cross bridges, shortens the muscle fiber

Answer 44

Contraction

Question 45

inactivation of the cross bridges and tension declines (muscle fiber returns passively to longer shape)

Answer 45

Relaxation

Question 46

thin filaments are pulled past thick filaments by cross-bridges

Answer 46

Sliding Filament Theory

Question 47

What molecule prevents attachment of myosin heads to actin?

Answer 47

tropomyosin

Question 48

Which muscle filament changes length during contraction? actin nor myosin

Answer 48

neither actin nor myosin

Question 49

Nerve impulse moving down a motor neuron is called?

Answer 49

action potential

Question 50

What is the location where neuron stimulates the muscle cell (site between nerve cell & muscle cell!)

Answer 50

Neuromuscular junction

Question 51

When an impulse moves down a neuron, Na rushes into neuron, and K+ rushes out. This is called?

Answer 51

depolarization

Question 52

What causes synaptic vesicles (containing ACh neurotransmitter) to fuse with axon membrane, releasing the ACh

Answer 52

Ca2+

Question 53

What is the response by a single muscle fiber to a stimulus that is at least at threshold level (7-100msec) called?

Answer 53

Muscle Twitch

Question 54

Period between stimulation and excitation (2msec): preparing to contract (ions moving!)

Answer 54

latent period

Question 55

period: cross bridging, tension peaks

Answer 55

contraction

Question 56

Ca2+ goes back into SR; muscle tension decreases what period is this?

Answer 56

relaxation period

Question 57

What are the four functional characteristics of muslces?

Answer 57

contract excited extend elastic

Question 58

With a nerve impules Na rushes in and K rushes out. This is called?

Answer 58

Depolarization

Question 59

Name for weak muscle disease due to shortage of ACh receptors, probable autoimmune disease

Answer 59

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 60

A stimlus is not dependent on the strength of the stimulus. Rather, if the stimlus reaches the threshold, a muscle fiber will give a complte responce. This is called.

Answer 60

All of none law

Question 61

one motor neuron and all muscle fibers (cells) it innervates is called?

Answer 61

Motor Unit

Question 62

: minimal force to cause the first contraction

Answer 62

a threshold stimulus

Question 63

strongest stimulus that produces increased force, all motor units are firing

Answer 63

maximal stimulus