Ch 6 Neurologic Exam Cranial Nerves

Question 1

How many cranial nerves are there?

Answer 1

12

Question 2

Cranial nerves originate from where?

Answer 2

brain stem (mid brain, pons, medulla)

Question 3

Cranial nerves are grouped based on which 3 functions

Answer 3

sensory (I, II VIII)
motor (III, IV, VI, XI, XII)
mixed (V, VII, IX, X)

Question 4

CN I is called

Answer 4

Olfactory Nerve

Question 5

Where does olfactory nerve project from and to

Answer 5

from olfactory regions to midbrain

Question 6

Function of CN I?

Answer 6

smell

Question 7

Olfactory loss is also known as

Answer 7

anosmia

Question 8

Anosmia can occur with what condition

Answer 8

subfrontal masses (e.g. tumor, abscess)
trauma to orbitofrontal region
viral infections due to damage to olfactory neuroepithelium

Question 9

CN II is called

Answer 9

Optic Nerve

Question 10

Optic Nerve projects from where to where

Answer 10

retina to the midbrain

Question 11

Function of CN II?

Answer 11

Vision

Question 12

Abnormality in optic chiasm causes

Answer 12

loss of visual temporal fields (bitemporal hemiapnosia)

Question 13

Postchiasmic lesions can result in

Answer 13

loss of half of a contralateral visual hemifield on the same side of both eyes (homonymous hemiapnosia)

Question 14

Prechiasmic lesions can result in

Answer 14

monocular blindness

Question 15

Involvement of optic radiation tract (tract that connects LGN to primary visual cortex) in posterior temporal lobe results in

Answer 15

loss of superior quadrant visual field on contralateral side (homonymous superior quadrantanopsia)

Question 16

Involvement of optic radiation in parietal lobe results in

Answer 16

loss of inferior quadrant visual field on the contralateral side (homonymous inferior quadrantanopsia)

Question 17

CN III is known as

Answer 17

Occulomotor Nerve

Question 18

Where does the occulomotor nerve originate and project to

Answer 18

originate from midbrain and projects to extraocular muscles

Question 19

function of CN III

Answer 19

Eye movements Medially (adduction), superiorly, inferiorly

pupil constriction

Question 20

CN IV is known as

Answer 20

Trochlear Nerve

Question 21

CN VI is known as

Answer 21

Abducens Nerve

Question 22

Where does the trochlear nerve originate and project to

Answer 22

originate from midbrain and project to superior oblique muscle

Question 23

Where does the abducens nerve originate and project to

Answer 23

originate from pons

projects to lateral rectus muscle

Question 24

How does one evaluate CN IV and VI?

Answer 24

observing vertical and lateral eye movements

Question 25

Compression of CN IV can be caused by what?

Answer 25

cerebellar tumors | damage to shear injury from head trauma and produce vertical diplopia

Question 26

Compression of CN VI can be caused by

Answer 26

elevated intracranial pressure and produces horizontal diplopia (failure to adduct)

Question 27

CN V is known as

Answer 27

Trigeminal Nerve

Question 28

Where does the trigeminal nerve originate and project to

Answer 28

originate from pons and innervates t he upper, middle, lower portions of the face via ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions

Question 29

Function of CN V?

Answer 29

sending pain, touch and temperature sensations from your face to your brain.

Question 30

How is function of CN V assessed?

Answer 30

assessing facial sensation, corneal reflex, jaw jerk reflex

Question 31

CN VII is known as

Answer 31

facial nerve

Question 32

Where does the facial nerve originate and project to

Answer 32

originate from lower pons and upper medulla

Question 33

Function of CN VII

Answer 33

control muscles of facial expression parasympathetic (tears and salivation) visceral sensory (taste) general somatosensory functions

Question 34

How to assess function of CN VII?

Answer 34

looking for asymmetry in spontaneous facial expression

Question 35

CN VIII is known as

Answer 35

vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 36

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve originate and project to

Answer 36

projects from auditory canal to pontomedullary junction

Question 37

CN VIII function

Answer 37

auditory and vestibular functions

Question 38

Assessment of CN VIII functions

Answer 38

Rinne test (vibrating tuning fork placed outside each ear to assess air conduction and on forehead or mastoid to assess bone conduction)

Question 39

Dix Hallpike maneuver

Answer 39

tests vestibular function - differentiate peripheral from central causes of vertigo

Question 40

Vertigo with nystagmus suggests dysfunction in which CN?

Answer 40

CN VIII (vestobulocochlear nerve)

Question 41

CN IX is known as

Answer 41

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 42

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve originate and project to

Answer 42

stems from medulla and projects to pharynx, middle ear, posterior tongue

Question 43

function of CN IX

Answer 43

sensory info to mouth and throat | swallowing, taste

Question 44

assessment of CN IX?

Answer 44

inducing a gag reflex, touching the uvula

Question 45

CN X is known as

Answer 45

vagus nerve

Question 46

where does vagus nerve originate from and project to?

Answer 46

originates in medulla, innervates to heart, lungs, digestive tract

Question 47

function of CN X

Answer 47

regulation of internal organ functions, such as digestion, heart rate, and respiratory rate

Question 48

CN XI known as

Answer 48

Spinal accessory nerve

Question 49

where does spinal accessory nerve originate from and project to?

Answer 49

stems from spinal cord and projects to sternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius

Question 50

How to assess CN XI?

Answer 50

shrug shoulders

Question 51

CN XII known as

Answer 51

hypoglossal nerve

Question 52

where does hypoglossal nerve originate from and project to?

Answer 52

originate in medulla and projects to tongue muscles

Question 53

How to assess hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 53

examining tongue protruded | tongue will deviate toward side of lesion

Question 54

Mnemonic of 12 cranial nerves

Answer 54

``` Oh Oh Oh They Traveled And Found Voldemort Guarding Very Ancient Houses ```

Question 55

Name the Sensory Motor Both Functions of the cranial nerves

Answer 55

Some Say Money Matters But My Boyfriend Says Big Boobs Matter Most

Question 56

Hemianopia

Answer 56

when you lose sight in half of your visual field