Ch. 7

Question 1

Middle childhood

Answer 1

The period between early childhood and early adolescence (ages 6-11)

Question 2

Childhood overweight

Answer 2

Having a BMI above the 85th percentile

Question 3

Childhood obesity

Answer 3

Having a BMI above the 95th percentile

Question 4

Asthma

Answer 4

A chronic disease of the respiratory system in which inflammation narrows the airways from the nose and mouth to the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing

Question 5

Concrete operational thought

Answer 5

Piaget’s term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences and perceptions

Question 6

Classification

Answer 6

The logical principle that things can be organized into groups according to some characteristics they have in common

Question 7

Seriation

Answer 7

The concept that things can be arranged in a logical series (ABCs)

Question 8

Selective attention

Answer 8

The ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others

Question 9

Sensory memory

Answer 9

Incoming stimulus info is stored for a quick second to allow it to be processed

Question 10

Working memory

Answer 10

Current conscious mental activity occurs

Question 11

Long-term memory

Answer 11

Virtually limitless amounts of information can be stored indefinitely

Question 12

Knowledge base

Answer 12

A body of knowledge that makes it easier to learn new information in a particular sense

Question 13

Control processes

Answer 13

Mechanisms that combine memory, processing speed and knowledge to regulate the analysis and flow of information within the information-processing system

Question 14

Metacognition

Answer 14

“Thinking about thinking”

Question 15

Reaction time

Answer 15

The time it takes to respond to a stimulus

Question 16

Automatization

Answer 16

A process in which repetition of a sequence of thoughts and actions makes the sequence routine, so it no longer requires conscious thought

Question 17

ELLs

Answer 17

Children in the U.S. whose proficiency in English is low

Question 18

Immersion

Answer 18

A strategy in which instruction in all school subjects occurs in the second language that a child is learning

Question 19

Bilingual education

Answer 19

A strategy in which school subjects are taught in both the learner’s original language and the second language

Question 20

ESL

Answer 20

Teaching English to those who don’t

Question 21

Hidden curriculum

Answer 21

The unofficial rules and priorities that influence the curriculum, organization and setting in a school

Question 22

Trends in Math and Science Study

Answer 22

An international assessment of the math and science skills of 4th and 8th graders

Question 23

Progress in International Reading Literacy Study

Answer 23

A planned 5 year cycle of international trend studies in the reading ability

Question 24

No Child Left Behind Act

Answer 24

Requiring states to qualify for federal educational funding by administering standardized tests to measure school achievement

Question 25

National Assessment of Educational Progress

Answer 25

"the Nation's Report Card"

Question 26

Charter Schools

Answer 26

Public schools with their own set of standards funded and licensed by the state or local district in which they are located

Question 27

Private schools

Answer 27

Schools funded by parents and sponsoring institutions

Question 28

Vouchers

Answer 28

A monetary commitment by the government to pay for the education of a child

Question 29

Home schooling

Answer 29

Education in which children are taught at home

Question 30

Development psychopathology

Answer 30

The field that uses insights into typical development to understand and remediate developmental disorders

Question 31

Aptitude

Answer 31

The potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge

Question 32

Achievement test

Answer 32

A measure of mastery or proficiency in any of the subjects

Question 33

Flynn effect

Answer 33

The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations

Question 34

Multiple intelligences

Answer 34

The idea that human intelligence is comprised of a varied set of abilities rather than a single, all-encompassing one

Question 35

Multifinality

Answer 35

One cause can have multiple final manifestations

Question 36

Equifinality

Answer 36

One symptom can have many causes

Question 37

ADHD

Answer 37

Difficulty concentrating

Question 38

Specific learning disorder

Answer 38

A marked deficit in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability

Question 39

Dyslexia

Answer 39

Difficulty with reading

Question 40

Dyscalculia

Answer 40

Unusual difficulty with math

Question 41

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 41

Any of several conditions characterized by inadequate social skills, impaired communication and unusual play

Question 42

Neurodiversity

Answer 42

The idea that people with special needs have diverse brain structures

Question 43

Response to intervention

Answer 43

An educational strategy that uses early intervention to help children who demonstrate below-average achievement

Question 44

Individual education plan

Answer 44

A document that specifies educational goals and plans for a child with special needs