Ch 7 & 8 Test

Question 1

Domain Eubacteria

Answer 1

Marine bacteria

Question 2

Domain Archaea

Answer 2

some chemosynthetic bacteria.

Question 3

Domain Eukarya

Answer 3

Single-celled marine organisms

Question 4

Plankton

Answer 4

“wanderers” organisms that drift in the sea.

Question 5

Phytoplankton

Answer 5

“plant wanderers”) Photosynthetic plankton. All
single-celled.

Question 6

Zooplankton

Answer 6

heterotrophic plankton.
* Some small and single-celled. Ex. ciliates
* Some large and multicellular. Ex. jellyfish

Question 7

Holoplankton

Answer 7

organisms that are planktonic for their entire life
cycle. Most are microbial, but some may be larger such as krill and jelly fish. All photosynthetic plankton are part of the holoplankton. `

Question 8

Meroplankton

Answer 8

organisms that are planktonic for only a portion(usually their larval stage)of their life cycle. Examples are sea urchin, starfish and crustaceans.

Question 9

Characteristics of unicellular algae

Answer 9

• photosynthesize
• animal like
• some can move and eat food particles

Question 10

diatoms phylum

Answer 10

bacillariophyta

Question 11

Diatoms obtain food through …

Answer 11

photosythesis

Question 12

How do diatoms float?

Answer 12

oil droplets

Question 13

Where are diatoms found in the ocean?

Answer 13

temperate and polar regions

Question 14

bloom

Answer 14

periods of rapid reproduction in algae

Question 15

dinoflagellates phylum

Answer 15

dinoflagelleta

Question 16

dinoflagellates description

Answer 16

any numerous one-celled aquatic organism with two dissimilar flagella and has both plant and animal characteristics

Question 17

how do dinoflagellates obtain food?

Answer 17

photosynthesis and some may ingest food particles

Question 18

what temperature waters are dinoflagellates found in?

Answer 18

warm waters

Question 19

zooxanthellae

Answer 19

A group of round golden brown dinoflagellates. They fix CO2 through photosynthesis, release organic matter used by the coral, and help in the formation of the coral skeleton

Question 20

description of protozoans

Answer 20

• single celled
• diverse in structure, function, and lifestyle
• can either photosynthesize or ingest food

Question 21

Three main protozoans

Answer 21

• foraminiferans
• radiolarians
• ciliates

Question 22

Which main protozoan uses cilia for locomotion and feeding

Answer 22

ciliates

Question 23

which main protozoan has a shell called a test?

Answer 23

foraminiferans

Question 24

What are pseudopodia and how are they used?

Answer 24

extensions of the cytoplasm are used to form a network to trap diatoms and other organisms suspended in water.

Question 25

which main protozoan has a skeleton made out of silica

Answer 25

radiolarians

Question 26

How are the terms “algae” and “seaweed” related?

Answer 26

All seaweed is algae but not all algae is seaweed.

Question 27

Which Kingdom is seaweed apart of

Answer 27

Protista

Question 28

What is seaweeds formal name

Answer 28

Macroalgae

Question 29

Is seaweed Unicellular, multicellular or both?

Answer 29

Most are multicellular. Exception, green algae is mostly unicellular.

Question 30

Why is seaweed not considered true plants?

Answer 30

Lack true leaves, stems and roots.

Question 31

Thallus(frond)

Answer 31

entire structure of the seaweed

Question 32

Blades

Answer 32

leaf-like structures that have increased surface area for photosynthesis.

Question 33

Stipe

Answer 33

supports the blades

Question 34

Pneumatocyst(Gas Bladder)

Answer 34

- to assist blades floating close to surface for photosynthesis

Question 35

Holdfast

Answer 35

- secures the thallus to substrate. The seafloor, a rock, etc. Not a root. Does not absorb nutrients

Question 36

Primary photosynthetic pigment used in (almost) all photosynthetic organism?

Answer 36

Chlorophyll a

Question 37

Types of Colors in Seaweeds

Answer 37

Green, brown, and red

Question 38

Green Algae: Phylum:

Answer 38

Chlorophyta

Question 39

Brown Algae: Phylum:

Answer 39

Phaeophyta

Question 40

Brown Algae Characteristics

Answer 40

Primary pigment is fucoxanthin(yellow) which masks the chlorophyll.

Question 41

Green Algae Characteristics

Answer 41

Chlorophyll is not masked by other pigments so they appear green This phylum contains the largest of the species of seaweeds. Known as kelp. Typically found below tide level so always submerged in water.

Question 42

Kelps beds are commonly found on the eastern sides of ocean basins. Why?

Answer 42

Western intensification

Question 43

Red Algae: Phylum:

Answer 43

Rhodophyta

Question 44

Red Algae Characteristics

Answer 44

Red pigments, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin) – red masks the chlorophyll ◦ Most red algae is found shallow water marine environments. ◦ Contains the largest number of species.

Question 45

Coralline algae

Answer 45

Deposits calcium carbonate in their cell walls. Warm-water coralline algae are involved in the formation of coral reefs

Question 46

seaweed Means of reproduction

Answer 46

Both asexual (vegetative) and sexual (by gametes).

Question 47

Vegetative

Answer 47

This occurs when parts of a plant break off and develop directly into new individuals. All offspring resulting from asexual reproduction are clones; they are genetically identical to each other and the parent seaweed.

Question 48

Gametophyte

Answer 48

haploid generation (n) produced from meiosis in the sporophyte phase. Haploid spores are produced. These spores develop into a second type of thallus that is haploid. These haploid thalli then produce the haploid gametes, which are released for fertilization.

Question 49

Sporophyte

Answer 49

This is a diploid (2n) generation.

Question 50

What does alternation of generations mean?

Answer 50

Two generations; a sporophyte (2n) phase and a gametophyte (n) phase

Question 51

Where are flowering plants found in the marine environment? Why?

Answer 51

Coastal areas such as estuaries, salt-marshes, sand dunes. Most plants cannot tolerate seawater.

Question 52

What is the only marine plant that is truly marine?

Answer 52

Seagrass

Question 53

What is the name of the horizontal stem system that grows beneath the sediment?

Answer 53

rhizomes

Question 54

Salt-Marsh Plants

Answer 54

Provides habitats for a variety of organisms and protection against coastal erosion

Question 55

Mangroves

Answer 55

Shrubs and trees that can tolerate salt. Located by tropical and subtropical shores. They are not found in the extreme north or south because they cannot tolerate frost