Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Ch. 7 - Human nutrition > Flashcards

Ch. 7 - Human nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the nutrients needed?

A
  1. Water
  2. Proteins
  3. Lipids
  4. Vitamins
  5. Minerals
  6. Carbohydrates
    (7) –> Fibre (unabsorbed)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Carbohydrates?

A
  1. Provide energy
  2. Include starch and sugar
  3. Staple foods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fats and oils?

A
  1. Needed for energy
  2. Needed to make cell membranes
  3. Needed for insulation (of skin)
  4. Needed for mechanical protection around organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Proteins?

A
  1. Needed to build cells
  2. Used to make proteins (haemoglobin, insulin, antibodies)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vitamins?

A
  1. Vitamin C (citrus) —> keeps tissues in good repair –> scarcity: scurvy
  2. Vitamin D (butter, sunlight) –> helps calcium to be absorbed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Minerals?

A
  1. Calcium
  2. Iron –> making haemoglobin –> anaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fibre?

A
  1. Keeps alimentary canal working properly
  2. Undigested
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Water?

A
  1. Solution for metabolic reactions
  2. Plasma (liquid part of blood) contains it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the human digestive system include?

A
  1. alimentary canal
  2. liver
  3. pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the steps of digestion?

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Digestion (chemical (large to small molecules vs mechanical (large to small pieces))
  3. Absorption (nutrients from intestine to blood)
  4. Assimilation (nutrients taken in)
  5. Egestion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Alimentary canal?

A
  1. From mouth to anus
  2. Peristalsis (contractions and relax)
  3. Food lubricated with mucus (made in goblet cells)
  4. Sphincter muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is food lubricated? Where is that thing located?

A

With mucus, made in goblet cells on lining of alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The mouth?

A
  1. First part of alimentary canal
  2. Contains salivary glands (make saliva) –> AMYLASE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

After mouth?

A

Eosophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is inside oesophagus?

A

Lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is lumen?

A

Space in centre of tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the entrance to the stomach closed by?

A

Sphincter muscle

18
Q

From oesophagus to?

A

Stomach

19
Q

What does stomach do?

A
  1. Contains goblet cells which secrete mucus
  2. HCl (pH 2)
20
Q

From stomach to?

A

Duodenum

21
Q

From duodenum to?

A

Small intestine

22
Q

Small intestine?

A
  1. Between stomach and colon
  2. Ileum (part nearest to colon)
  3. Absorbs nutrients
23
Q

Duodenum?

A

Initial part of small intestine, pancreatic duct and bile duct empty fluids

24
Q

Pancreas?

A
  1. Gland
  2. Produces different enzymes
25
Q

Large intestine?

A
  1. Made up by colon and rectum
  2. Absorbs remaining water
26
Q

Liver?

A
  1. Secretes bile
  2. Bile kept into gall bladder
27
Q

What is bile?

A

Alkali watery liquid

28
Q

What’s the purpose of bile?

A

Neutralise acidic mixture from stomach

29
Q

Enzymes in chemical digestion?

A
  1. Amylase
  2. Protease
  3. Lipase
30
Q

Where is amylase secreted? Where it acts?

A
  1. By salivary glands/pancreas
  2. In the mouth
31
Q

Where is protease secreted?

A
  1. By walls of stomach/by the pancreas
  2. In the duodenum
32
Q

Where is lipase secreted?

A
  1. By the pancreas
  2. In the duodenum
33
Q

What’s the purpose of amylase?

A

Break down starch to maltose

34
Q

What happens to maltose?

A

Since it’s made out of two glucose molecules, it gets broken down

35
Q

What enzyme breaks down maltose?

A

Maltase

36
Q

By whom is maltase secreted?

A

By lining epithelium of small intestine

37
Q

What is the protease produced in the stomach?

A

Pepsin

38
Q

What is the protease produced in the pancreas?

A

Trypsin

39
Q

What do pepsin and trypsin do?

A

Break down protein molecules and produce amino acids

40
Q

What’s the optimum pH of trypsin? What does this mean?

A

7, this means that stomach is neutralised by bile and pancreatic juice

41
Q

What is another function of bile?

A

Breaks down fat into tiny droplets (emulsion) –> emulsifies fats

Biology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions