Ch 7 Lab values

Question 1

Important baseline of a patient’s basic physiology

Answer 1

Metabolic panel

Question 2

Metabolic panel measures __ analytes and calculates an anion gap

Answer 2

8

Question 3

Used to assess kidney status, electrolyte, acid/base balance, and blood glucose

Answer 3

Metabolic panel

Question 4

Changes in serum sodium most often reflect changes in _____ balance rather than sodium balance

Answer 4

water

Question 5

Sodium

Hyponatremia (<136) may indicate

Answer 5

over hydration

Question 6

Sodium

Hypernatremia (>145) may indicate

Answer 6

Need for water

Question 7

Concentration of nitrogen (as urea), produced in the liver and is the end product of protein metabolism filtered by the kidneys

Answer 7

BUN

Question 8

Test used to help diagnose liver and kidney diseases

Answer 8

Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Question 9

Low BUN (6-8 mg) may be a sign of

Answer 9

Overhydration or liver disease

Question 10

Normal range of BUN

Answer 10

10-20 mg

Question 11

BUN, implies serious impairment of renal function

Answer 11

50-150 mg

Question 12

Percentage of calcium found in blood

Answer 12

1%

Question 13

90% of hypercalcemia is caused by:

Answer 13

Malignancy

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 14

Used to evaluate the acid-base balance of blood

Answer 14

Carbon Dioxide

Question 15

High CO2 is seen in

Answer 15

Respiratory acidosis

Question 16

Low CO2 is seen in

Answer 16

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 17

Used as a confirmatory test to identify fluid balance and acid-base abnormalities

Answer 17

Chloride

Question 18

Hyperchloremia is seen in

Answer 18

Dehydration and acidemia

Question 19

Hyperchloremia is seen in

Answer 19

Dehydration and acidemia

Question 20

Hypochloremia is seen in

Answer 20

Vomiting, over hydration and alkalemia

Question 21

Produced in muscle. Filtered by the kidneys, levels can be used to measure renal insufficiency.

Answer 21

Creatinine

Question 22

Regulates muscle and nerve excitability

Answer 22

Potassium

Question 23

Primary cause of Hyperkalemia (potassium) is:

Answer 23

Renal Failure

Question 24

Hypokalemia (potassium) is seen with

Answer 24

Alkalosis, diuretic use, alcoholism, fluid loss

Question 25

Low magnesium can cause:

Answer 25

Refractory hypokalemia

Question 26

Involved in metabolism and energy production. It is needed for normal muscle contractility and neurologic functions as well as oxygen-carry by hemoglobin

Answer 26

Phosphorus

Question 27

Measure liver injury

Answer 27

ALT and AST

Question 28

Components of a Liver Function Test

Answer 28

Albumin Alkaline phosphates Bilirubin ALT/AST Total protein

Question 29

Helps maintain plasma oncotic pressure. Long half life of 20 days. Decreased levels may be due to any liver condition affecting protein synthetization.

Answer 29

Albumin

Question 30

Group of enzymes

Answer 30

Alkaline phosphates

Question 31

4x rise of alkaline phosphates with no rise in ALT/AST is indicative of:

Answer 31

Biliary disease

Question 32

Levels less than 4x of alkaline phosphates with elevated ALT/AST is indicative of:

Answer 32

liver damage

Question 33

Byproduct of breakdown of heme pigments in RBC

Answer 33

Bilirubin

Question 34

Elevated levels of bilirubin are responsible for:

Answer 34

Jaundice

Question 35

Used to assess hepatocellular damage

Answer 35

AST/ALT

Question 36

Ratio of AST to ALT may be of value in diagnosing:

Answer 36

Alcoholic hepatitis

Question 37

AST is also found in:

Answer 37

Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, kidneys, brain, lungs, intestines

Question 38

Screening for nutritional deficiencies and gammopathies

Answer 38

Total protein

Question 39

Increase in total protein is seen with:

Answer 39

Myeloma Hypovolemia

Question 40

Decrease in total protein is seen in:

Answer 40

Malnutrition Liver diseases Severe skin diseases

Question 41

A lipid profile measures:

Answer 41

Total cholesterol HDL LDL Triglycerides

Question 42

Lipid panel may be ordered if there is specific concern about:

Answer 42

Cardiovascular disease (CAD)

Question 43

It is recommended that all adults over ___ get a fasting lipid screening every 5 years

Answer 43

20

Question 44

Collection term for blood tests used to check the function of the thyroid

Answer 44

Thyroid Function Tests (TFTs)

Question 45

Critical Values of TFTs that should be reported quickly

Answer 45

Extremely high or low

Question 46

Most accurate reflection of thyrometabolic status. High levels = Hyperthyroidism Low levels = Hypothyroidism

Answer 46

Free Thyroxine (T4)

Question 47

Glycoprotein secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Tests assesses true metabolic status. ``` High = Hypothyroidism Low = Hyperthyroidism ```

Answer 47

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 48

Glucose that gives the big picture of the average levels over the past 2 to 3 months

Answer 48

A1C

Question 49

Normal glucose

Answer 49

70-100mg

Question 50

Critical value low glucose

Answer 50

<40

Question 51

Critical value high glucose

Answer 51

>500mg with no history of DM

Question 52

Best indication of glucose homeostasis

Answer 52

Fasting glucose

Question 53

Prediabetes range

Answer 53

100-125

Question 54

Glucose range for provisional diagnosis of diabetes

Answer 54

>126

Question 55

Confirmed diagnosis of diabetes

Answer 55

>126 on 2 separate occasions

Question 56

Major cause of high glucose

Answer 56

DM type 1/2 Excessive intake

Question 57

Major cause of low glucose

Answer 57

Insulin overdose Sulfonylureas or other hypoglycemic drugs

Question 58

An A1C >___% suggests poor glucose control

Answer 58

6.5%

Question 59

Protein located in the cardiac muscle Increase is indicative of an acute MI

Answer 59

Troponin

Question 60

Enzyme found primarily in the cardiac muscle

Answer 60

CK-MB

Question 61

Troponin and CK-MB rise within 3-12 hours of symptoms and peak at:

Answer 61

24 hours

Question 62

Critical value: Low sodium

Answer 62

<120

Question 63

Critical Value High Sodium

Answer 63

>160

Question 64

Critical value: Low Calcium

Answer 64

<6.0

Question 65

Critical value: High calcium

Answer 65

>14

Question 66

Critical value: Low Creatinine

Answer 66

None

Question 67

Critical value: High Creatinine

Answer 67

>3.0

Question 68

Critical Value: Low Potassium

Answer 68

<2.5

Question 69

Critical value: High Potassium

Answer 69

>6.5

Question 70

Critical value: Low Magnesium

Answer 70

<1.2

Question 71

Critical value High Magnesium

Answer 71

>4.9