ch 7methods of data collection

Question 1

what is quantitative collection method

Answer 1

1. based on numbers
2. data that can be counted, measured, and expresses using numbers
3. allows for generalization
4. deductive research

Question 2

what is deductive research

Answer 2

start with a general theory, develop a hypothesis, then test with data

Question 3

what is qualitative collection method

Answer 3

1. based on words and meaning
2. focus on people’s words, experiences, and emotions
3. data comes from interviews, observations, and open ended questions
4. inductive research

Question 4

what is inductive research

Answer 4

start with a specific observation, then identify patterns, then develop general conclusion or theory

Question 5

purpose of qualitative vs quantitative research

Answer 5

qualitative: discover ideas, exploratory research, understand social issues
quantitative: test hypothesis or research question and establish cause and effect

Question 6

approach of qualitative vs quantitative research method

Answer 6

qualitative: observe and interpret
quantitative: measure and test

Question 7

data collection methods for qualitative and quantitative

Answer 7

qualitative: unstructured, interviews give textual data
quantitative: structured, numeric data

Question 8

researcher independence in qualitative vs quantitative

Answer 8

qualitative: involved in the study, results are subjective
quantitative: uninvolved, results are objective

Question 9

sample in qualitative vs quantitative

Answer 9

qualitative: small, strategically selected to collect the most meaningful data
quantitative: large sample, unbiased selection, generalizable results

Question 10

most often used when qualitative vs quantitative

Answer 10

qualitative: explaratory research
quantitative: descriptive and casual/explanatory research

Question 11

what is exploratory research

Answer 11

explore a topic when little is known about it

Question 12

what is descriptive research

Answer 12

tells you what is happening but now why

Question 13

what is casual/ explanatory research

Answer 13

to find out wether one thing causes another

Question 14

what is survey method

Answer 14

structured way of collection information from people using a questionnaire

Question 15

types of surveys

Answer 15

1. mail
2. telephone
3. internet
4. personal

Question 16

cost of mail, telephone, internet, and personal

Answer 16

mail: low
telephone: moderate
internet: moderate
personal: usually high

Question 17

ability to contact in mail, telephone, internet, personal

Answer 17

mail: no personal contact
telephone: no personal contact
internet: no personal contact
personal: greatest opportunity

Question 18

respondent’s ability to complete when convenient in mail, telephone, internet, personal

Answer 18

mail: yes
telephone: usually no
internet: yes
personal: time can be arranged for convenience

Question 19

interview bias in mail, telephone, internet, and personal

Answer 19

mail: no bias
telephone: some bias based on voice changes
internet: some is possible
personal: greatest chance

Question 20

ability to decide who responds in mail, telephone, internet, personal

Answer 20

mail: least
telephone: some
internet: no
personal: greatest

Question 21

complex questions in mail, telephone, internet, personal

Answer 21

mail: least suitable
telephone:somewhat suitable
internet: least suitable
personal: most suitable

Question 22

visual aids in mail, telephone, internet, personal

Answer 22

mail: little opportunity
telephone: no opportunity
internet: high opportunity
personal: greatest opportunity

Question 23

potential negative response in mail, telephone, internet, personal

Answer 23

mail: junk mail
telephone: junk calls
internet: no
personal: invasion of privacy

Question 24

time lag between asking for and receiving a response in mail, telephone, internet, personal

Answer 24

mail: greatest
telephone: least
internet: greatest
personal: least

Question 25

suitable types of questions for mail, teleohone, internet, and personal

Answer 25

mail: simple yes/no telephone: some open ended internet: open ended personal: greatest opportunity for open ended

Question 26

qualitative research methods

Answer 26

1. human observation 2. individual interviews 3. focus groups

Question 27

what is human observation

Answer 27

watching behavior without asking questions

Question 28

types of human observations

Answer 28

1. structured 2. unstructured 3.participatory 4. non participatory 5. concealed 6. disclosed

Question 29

what is structured human observation

Answer 29

you decide beforehand what to observe

Question 30

what is unstructured human observation

Answer 30

you watch freely with no specific plan

Question 31

what is participatory human observation

Answer 31

researchers join the group/activity they are observing

Question 32

what is non participatory human observation

Answer 32

researcher watches without getting involved

Question 33

what is concealed human observation

Answer 33

people do not know they are being watched

Question 34

what is disclosed human observation

Answer 34

people know they are being observed

Question 35

advantages of human observation

Answer 35

1. real time information 2. you observe real behavior, not just opinions

Question 36

disadvantages of human observation

Answer 36

1. expensive 2. time consuming 3. may miss hidden factors

Question 37

what are individual interviews

Answer 37

1 on 1 detailed interviews to explore perspective on a certain subject

Question 38

types of individual interviews

Answer 38

1. structured interview 2. unstructured review

Question 39

limitations of interview

Answer 39

1. bias risk 2. time intensive 3. training required 4. limited generalization

Question 40

advantage of interviews

Answer 40

1. detailed 2. flexible

Question 41

disadvantages of interviews

Answer 41

1. time consuming 2. expensive 3. can be biased

Question 42

interview types

Answer 42

1. personal interview 2. focused interview 3. clinical interview 4. non directive interview

Question 43

what is personal interview

Answer 43

face to face

Question 44

what is focused interview

Answer 44

focus on specific experience

Question 45

what is clinical interview

Answer 45

used to explore deep feelings, emotions, or motivations

Question 46

what is non directive interview

Answer 46

interviewee talks freely with very little guidance from the interviewer

Question 47

interview techniques

Answer 47

1. funneling 2. unbiased questions 3. clarifying issues 4. helping the respondent to think through the issue 5.taking notes

Question 48

what is funneling

Answer 48

start with broad, open ended questions and then narrow down

Question 49

skills of interviewer

Answer 49

1. easing respondents into the interview 2. ask strategic questions 3. keep moving to different topics 4. close interview politely

Question 50

what are focus groups

Answer 50

moderates group discussion to get opinions on a topic in a real environment

Question 51

what are projective techniques

Answer 51

ask people indirect questions so they “project” their true feelings without realizing

Question 52

selection of appropriate data collection method is based on what?

Answer 52

1. nature, scope, and object of inquiry 2. availability of funds 3. time factor 4. precision

Question 53

ethical considerations

Answer 53

1. protect participants from harm 2. collect information ethically

Question 54

study design qualitative vs quantitative

Answer 54

qualitative: observational and flexible quantitative: formal, objective, and systematic

Question 55

analysis qualitative vs quantitative

Answer 55

qualitative: identify themes that emerge from data quantitative: statistical techniques to determine significance