Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio 1020 > Ch. 8 Lecture Notes > Flashcards

Ch. 8 Lecture Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Two Functions of Cellular Respiration

A

How living things get energy out of organic molecules
Convert one type of organic molecule to another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Two chemical reactions that involve the gain or loss of electrons from atoms

A

Oxidation
Reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Oxidation is the:
a) gaining of electrons
b) loss of electrons
c) Oxygen electrons

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Reduction is the:
a) gaining of electrons
b) loss of electrons
c) Weight loss in atom

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is happening in this equation:
What is being reduced
What is being oxidized

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

A

Oxidation of Glucose
Reduced: Oxygen
Oxidized: Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

To make the release of energy useful what happens:
(Three steps)

A
  1. Electrons gradually removed from organic molecules
  2. Energy in individual electrons is gradually reduced
  3. Energy is converted to a useful form (ATP)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What percent of energy released from cellular respiration is stored in ATP:
a) 30%
b) 60%
c) 40%

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the remainder of energy released in cellular respiration converted to?

A

Heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Three stages of aerobic respiration

A

Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron transport chain
Chemiosmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What organelle hosts the Krebs cycle and chemiosmosis

A

Mitochondrion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the proper order for the stages of aerobic respiration:
a) Chemiosmosis-Glycolysis-Krebs cycle
b)Krebs cycle-Chemiosmosis-Glycolysis
c)Glycolysis-Krebs cycle-Electron transport chain
d) Glycolysis-Krebs cycle- Electron transport chain and Chemiosmosis

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are used to transport electrons from one place to another

A

NAD+ & NADH
FAD & FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is released from NADH in its oxidation to NAD +

A

2 electrons
1 H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the oxidized from of the electron carrier NAD+ or NADH

A

NAD+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the reduced from of the electron carrier NAD+ or NADH

A

NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is released in the reduction of NAD+

A

2 electrons
1 H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which is the Oxidized form: FAD or FADH2

A

FAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which is the reduced form: FAD or FADH2

A

FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is added to FAD to reduce it

A

2 Electrons
2 H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is lost by FADH2 in its reduction

A

2 electrons
2 H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the sight of cellular respiration

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What process creates most of the ATP

A

Chemiosmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T or F:
Electron transport chain is a series of proteins on a membrane

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

5 points of the Electron transport chain

A
  1. a series of proteins on a membrane
  2. Accepts electrons from electron carriers
  3. Reduces the energy of electrons
  4. Energy from the electrons is used to actively transport H+ across the membrane
  5. Oxygen is final electron acceptor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What creates the H+ gradient and what form of energy is the gradient
electron transport chain potential energy
26
What does the H+ cross the membrane through and what is the name of the vehicle it uses
enzyme ATP synthase
27
The kinetic energy in the movement of H+ is converted to what other form of energy in ATP
Potential Energy
28
What form of energy is used to move H+ ions
Kinetic Energy
29
What can use ATP to move ions across a membrane
Transport proteins
30
What makes ATP
ATP synthase
31
What process is the splitting of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid
Glycolysis
32
What Molecule and electron carrier are produced by glycolysis
ATP NADH
33
What set of reactions in glycolysis includes the addition of phosphates to glucose? a) Energy input b) Energy removal c) Energy conversion
Energy input
34
What set of reactions in glycolysis includes the removal of phosphates (onto ATP) and electrons? a) Energy input b) Energy removal c) Energy conversion
Energy removal
35
Process in which phosphate is transferred from an organic molecule to ADP
Substrate level phosphorylation
36
What are the 2 ways ATP is made in Respiration? a) glycolysis, chemiosmosis b) Krebs cycle, Substrate level phosphorylation c) Chemiosmosis, substrate level phosphorylation
c
37
What happens to pyruvic acid in order to turn it into Pyruvate?
Lost an H+ ion
38
In order for pyruvic acid to be turned in to a two carbon compound what is the electron carrier used? and what compound does it give off?
NAD+ CO2
39
What enzyme attaches itself to the two carbon compound?
Coenzyme A
40
What is the name of the enzyme after pyruvic acid is converted to a two carbon compound and the coenzyme has attached itself?
Acetyl CoA
41
What two electron carriers are electrons transferred to during the Kreb's cycle
NAD+ FAD
42
What is produced from the Kreb's cycle
CO2
43
What is produced by substrate level phosphorylation
ATP
44
What feeds electrons into the electron transport chain?
FADH2
45
In non photosynthetic what is seen as a waste product
CO2
46
Without what diatomic molecule will the electron transport chain stop working?
O2
47
What electron carrier is not produced in the absence of O2 in the electron transport chain?
NAD+
48
Increasing levels of ATP and one of the products of the Krebs cycle inhibits what step of what Process in cellular respiration.
ATP third step of glycolysis
49
Adenosine monophosphate is used to make what form of potential energy
ATP
50
The enzyme that is one of the main regulators of ATP production is also responsible for what step in what process?
3rd step of glycolysis
51
What happens when no O2 is available
Fermentation
52
What is the process called when there is Oxidation of organic compounds in the absence of oxygen
fermentation
53
Without O2 glycolysis results in a buildup of and drop in: a) FAD,FADH2 b) ADP, ATP c) NADH, NAD+
c
54
What are the two fermentation processes that remove the electrons from NADH using pyruvic acid?
Alcohol fermentation Lactic acid fermentation
55
When using alcohol fermentation to remove electrons from NADH what are the products after pyruvic acid undergoes reduction
Ethanol+ + CO2
56
What undergoes reduction in lactic acid fermentation
pyruvate
57
What is the product in the reduction of pyruvate
Lactate
58
What other electron carriers can prokaryotes use?
metals sulfur compounds organic compounds
59
T or F: A prokaryotes ability to use other electron acceptors allows them to live in an O2 free environment but still use an electron transport chain
True
60
Each NADH (optimally) yields how many ATP: a) 1.5 b) 2.5 c) 3.25
b
61
Active transport in to the mitochondria requires what amount of ATP
1
62
Each FADH2 yields how many ATP: a) 1.5 b) 2.5 c) 3.25
a
63
What 3 types of poisons disrupt the function of the mitochondria
1. Electron transport chain disrupters 2. ATP synthase blockers 3. Uncouplers
64
What type of fat uses facilitated diffusion that allows H+ to cross the mitochondrial membrane
Brown fat
65
What type of waste is produced by respiration in animals
Nitrogen waste
66
Name 3 different types of sugars consumed that were discussed in class
glucose fructose galactose
67
Fructose is now mainly consumed as what
Sucrose industrially altered glucose
68
What process produces ATP,NADH and pyruvic acid
Glycolysis
69
What process involves the production of CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2
The Krebs cycle

Bio 1020 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions